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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

Population Repumping for Enhanced Rydberg Electrometry

Nikunjkumar Prajapati, Amy K. Robinson, Samuel Berweger, Matthew T. Simons, Alexandra B. Artusio‐Glimpse, Christopher L. Holloway

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate improved sensitivity in Rydberg electrometry using electromagnetically induced transparency with a ground state repumping laser. This doubles the interaction strength while avoiding Doppler or power broadening and improves the sensitivity by nearly 2.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2021.w2c.6

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We demonstrate improved sensitivity of Rydberg electrometry based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with a ground state repumping laser. Though there are many factors that limit the sensitivity of radio frequency field measurements, we show that repumping can enhance the interaction strength while avoiding additional Doppler or power broadening. Through this method, we nearly double the EIT amplitude without an increase in the width of the peak. A similar increase in amplitude without the repumping field is not possible through simple optimization. We also establish that one of the key limits to detection is the photon shot noise of the probe laser. We show an improvement on the sensitivity of the device by a factor of nearly 2 in the presence of the repump field.
Rydberg atom electrometry offers traceable electric field measurements over many decades of radio frequencies in a single device. Miniaturization of these sensors is primarily limited by the requirements of the lasers used. Here, we demonstrate a three-photon sensing scheme using a J-shaped energy level coupling that can be achieved using external cavity diode lasers without the need for a doubling crystal or a tapered amplifier. In the low laser power regime, we demonstrate a full width at half maximum linewidth of 1.3 MHz. We demonstrate that, for radio frequency field electrometry using conventional heterodyne techniques, we can detect a 4.7 GHz at a sensitivity of 27 μV m−1 Hz−1/2, comparable to that of two-photon detection schemes that require the use of a tapered amplifier. We also investigate a modified scheme where the probe laser is locked to a different hyperfine state, thus measuring the two-photon electromagnetically induced transparency in the other two lasers via the change in population of this separate state due to repumping. In this scheme, we find the sensitivity for a 4.7 GHz field to be 39 μV m−1 Hz−1/2 and demonstrate that the amplitude scaling with probe power offers a different saturation profile than the linked J-scheme counterpart.
Rydberg-atom electrometry is a core technique in the development of highly sensitive quantum electric-field sensors. Its sensitivity based on atom-photon interaction is typically limited by photon shot-noise (PSN) and spectral broadenings. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a near PSN-limited Rydberg electrometry from a 85Rb atomic vapor cell. By engineering atomic coherence through control of residual magnetic fields and laser frequency noise, we achieve the Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with the narrow linewidth of 1.6 MHz, yielding an enhanced spectral slope for high-sensitivity Rydberg-EIT electrometry. Under optimized superheterodyne detection conditions, we obtain an electric-field sensitivity of 12.5(8) nV cm^-1 Hz^-1/2 at 37 GHz, in close agreement with the calculated PSN limit. These results provide direct experimental evidence of the high-sensitive quantum electrometry and establish a practical route toward quantum-noise-limited Rydberg electrometry.