Quantum-Safe Cryptography and Security

Siva Krishna Jampani

S. Pandikumar, Pallavi M O, C Dhanush +1 more

Quantum-safe cryptography is the term that specifies cryptographic methods secured against the threats of quantum computing. Among them are Quantum Key Distribution, which provides information-theoretic security, and Post-Quantum Cryptography, which provides scalable authentication in high-density networks but lacks the same level of theoretical security as the former. In this context, a hybrid cryptosystem that integrally combines QKD and PQC should be created to build a robust quantum-safe system. Moreover, in blockchain technology and machine learning models, quantum algorithms play an important role by improving encryption and key generation. Quantum-safe cryptography represents an important step toward the future-proofing of digital communications and systems

Song Yuan Yan

Eleni Diamanti, Romain Alléaume, Anthony Leverrier +8 more

Guobin Xu, Jianzhou Mao, Eric Sakk +1 more

Common cryptographic algorithms may no longer be considered secure under future quantum computers, which will cause a serious threat to network security. Hence, investigating quantum-safe cryptography and evaluating the safety of traditional cryptographic algorithms are essential and have become urgent demands. In this paper, we study the quantum-safe cryptography approaches and conduct a survey of the various quantum key distribution protocols, simulation tools, and commercial applications. In addition, we provide a comparison of the first four post-quantum cryptographic algorithms recently announced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The challenges of quantum-safe approaches will be discussed, which aim to find future research directions in quantum cryptography.

Olaf Grote, Andreas Ahrens, César Benavente-Peces

Current security protocols use cryptographic methods based on asymmetric and symmetric schemes. These are used for encrypted communication of information or for general data encryption. The security of these methods is based on well researched methods and known mathematical problems. These have been developed for common computing resources and with the certainty that they cannot be broken at a determinable runtime with finite resources. This excludes novel attack vectors such as those of a quantum computer using quantum algorithms. These cryptographic methods, especially the asymmetric schemes, are not prepared against quan- tum attacks and not considered quantum safe. Even the security of current quantum safe symmetric schemes is not based on proven security against quantum attacks. In order to effectively counter this threat, a new and effective strategy is necessary. One point of this strategy is the post-quantum cryptography to evaluate new quantum-safe cryptographic principles. The second point is to research security protocols which are quantum safe and resistible against quantum attacks. This paper describes the strategy of post-quantum cryptography and crypto-agility.