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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

High-dimensional temporal-mode decoding with a multi-output quantum pulse gate

Laura Serino, Jano Gil-López, Werner Ridder, Raimund Ricken, Christof Eigner, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn

Published Jan 1, 2021• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate a multi-output quantum pulse gate that sorts temporal modes (or their superpositions) at telecommunication wavelengths into separate output channels. This device will prove beneficial for high-dimensional quantum information processing in the time-frequency domain.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2021.f2b.4

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Temporal modes (TMs) of photons provide an appealing high-dimensional encoding basis for quantum information.While techniques to generate TM states have been established, high-dimensional decoding of single-photon TMs remains an open challenge.In this work, we experimentally demonstrate demultiplexing of five-dimensional TMs of single photons with an average fidelity of 0.96 ± 0.01, characterized via measurement tomography.This is achieved with use of a newly developed device, the multi-output quantum pulse gate (MQPG).We demonstrate a proof-of-principle complete decoder based on the MQPG that operates on any basis from a set of six five-dimensional mutually unbiased bases and is therefore suitable as a receiver for high-dimensional quantum key distribution.Furthermore, we confirm the highquality operation of the MQPG by performing resource-efficient state tomography with an average fidelity of 0.98 ± 0.02.
Accessing a high dimensional Hilbert space spanned by temporal modes (TMs) of single-photons is an intriguing idea for quantum information protocols, though it is experimentally challenging. The quantum pulse gate (QPG), a group-velocity matched sum-frequency process, can perform arbitrary TM resolved measurement. We present a thorough characterisation of measurement operators of a QPG and we show that this device is capable of performing full state tomography with 99% fidelity. Moreover, we use this device for TM tomography of pure and mixed heralded single-photon states in 7-dimensional Hilbert space.
Quantum information applications call for information encoding schemes which offer high bitrates and the possibility to encode many qubits onto one carrier. Ultrafast pulsed quantum states of light feature an inherent rich spectral and temporal broadband mode structure, which is uniquely defined by their generation process. In ultrafast parametric downconversion for instance, the pair photons are usually generated in superposition states of many orthogonal broadband modes. Thus, they carry the potential for high dimensional quantum information encoding and high bitrates. However, even though the pulsed mode structure of quantum light is well known (see e.g. [1]), feasible ways of exploiting this natural resource in practical systems have not yet been explored.