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Intensity-correlated spiking infrared and ultraviolet emission from sodium vapors

Yu, Xiaoxu, Kirill Eremeev, Pan, Zhongben, Pavel A. Loiko, Chu, Hongwei, Zha, Fangyuan, Pan, Han, Zhao, Shengzhi, Alain Braud, Patrice Camy, Li, Dechun

Published Mar 4, 2021• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A compact Tm:GdVO$_4$ laser pumped by a 794 nm laser diode generated 6.09 W at 2.29 μm ( $^3$H$_4$ → $^3$H$_5$ Tm$^{3+}$ transition) with a high slope efficiency of 30.8% and linear laser polarization (π). The polarized spectroscopic properties of Tm$^{3+}$ in GdVO$_4$ were also revised. The peak stimulated-emission cross-section of Tm$^{3+}$ is 2.97 × 10$^{-20}$ cm$^2$ at 2280 nm corresponding to an emission bandwidth of 42 nm for π-polarized light.

DOI
10.1364/ol.99.099999

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A compact Tm:GdVO4_44​ laser pumped by a 794 nm laser diode generated 6.09 W at 2.29 μm ( 3^33H4_44​ → 3^33H5_55​ Tm3+^{3+}3+ transition) with a high slope efficiency of 30.8% and linear laser polarization (π). The polarized spectroscopic properties of Tm3+^{3+}3+ in GdVO4_44​ were also revised. The peak stimulated-emission cross-section of Tm3+^{3+}3+ is 2.97 × 10−20^{-20}−20 cm2^22 at 2280 nm corresponding to an emission bandwidth of 42 nm for π-polarized light.
Temporal spiking of directional infrared and ultraviolet cooperative emission from sodium vapors excited to the 4D5/24D_{5/2}4D5/2​ level with a continuous-wave resonant laser pump is analyzed. Mirrorless lasing at 2207 and 2338 nm on cascade population-inverted transitions and radiation at 330 nm generated due to four-wave mixing demonstrate a high degree of intensity correlation.
Phonon sidebands, electron-phonon coupling and vibronic lasing in Tm3+^{3+}3+:Lu2_22​O3_33​ sesquioxide
A vibronic Tm:Lu2_22​O3_33​ laser generated 654 mW at 2238-2309 nm with a slope efficiency of 68.9% exceeding the Stokes limit. Tm:Lu2O3 features a strong electron-phonon interaction resulting in a profound long-wave phonon sideband for the 3^33F4_44​ → 3^33H6_66​ electronic transition extending up to at least 2.4 μm supporting vibronic laser operation.
Laser excitation and ionization processes in dense (1–10 Torr) sodium vapor have been studied for laser wavelengths near the two-photon allowed nd 2D(n=3, 4, 5) and ns 2S(n=4, 5, 6) states. In particular, the 1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ+u excimer emission in Na2, predicted in 1980 by Konowalow and Julienne and observed recently by Dinev et al, was studied here in greater detail. Strong excimer emission (∼830 nm) was observed for two-photon pumping to both sides of the unresolved 4D states, and weak excimer emission was seen when pumping near the 5D levels. The excimer emission exhibits a complicated pump laser profile with a pronounced ‘‘dip’’ at the 4d 2D two-photon resonance. Similarly, [2+1] photon ionization via the 3d 2D and 4d 2D states shows a dramatic decrease as the sodium density increases. These results can be attributed either to depleted 3d 2D or 4d 2D population due to stimulated electronic Raman scattering (SERS) or to the interference effects recently reported by Malcuit et al. and Krasnikov et al. and treated theoretically by Manykin and Afanas’ev and by Agarwal. It is argued that both mechanisms are operative. Strong ionization and SERS signals were observed at the hybrid resonances corresponding to 3p 2P3/2, 1/2 →4d 2D transitions; however, no excimer lasing at 830 nm was detected. No excimer emission was detected upon two-photon pumping near or at the 3d 2D or ns 2S(n=4, 5, 6) states. Based on these and other observations, the 1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ+u excimer emission is attributed to a molecular Raman process involving stimulated emission or six-wave mixing via a pathway of the type 1 3Σ+u→2hν 3Δu→ j 3Πg→(k 3Πu, l 3Σ +u)→1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ +u .
Population inversion on the 7S1/2− 6P3/2transition of cesium atoms is built by 455 nm diode laser pumping, and continuous-wave (cw) lasing is observed without the feedback on the gain medium from cavity mirrors. The stimulated emission at 1.47 µm infrared wavelength is restricted to a narrow angle along the direction of propagation of the pumping laser. Evidence of threshold-like characteristic is demonstrated in the cw mirrorless lasing dependence on pumping laser detuning, atomic density, and pumping light intensity. This compact structure can be used to generate mirrorless laser in a number of infrared wavelengths applied for the communication area. Moreover, it is expected to realize the narrow-linewidth optical frequency standard from an ultralow-finesse optical cavity.