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Chinese Physics B

Experimental realization of quantum controlled teleportation of arbitrary two-qubit state via a five-qubit entangled state

Xiaofang Liu, Dongfen Li, Yundan Zheng, Xiaolong Yang, Jie Zhou, Yuqiao Tan, Mingzhe Liu

Published Dec 16, 2021• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum controlled teleportation is the transmission of the quantum state under the supervision of a third party. This paper presents the theoretical and experimental results of an arbitrary two-qubit quantum controlled teleportation scheme, in which the sender Alice only needs to perform two Bell state measurements and the receiver Bob can perform an appropriate unitary operation to reconstruct the arbitrary two-qubit states under the control of the supervisor Charlie. The operation process of the scheme is verified on the IBM quantum experience platform, and the accuracy of the transmitted quantum state is further checked by performing quantum state tomography. Meanwhile, a good fidelity is obtained by using the theoretical density matrix and the experimental density matrix. A sequence of photonic states is introduced to analyze the possible intercept–replace–resend, intercept–measure–resend, and entanglement–measure–resend attacks on this scheme. The results proved that our scheme is highly secure.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/ac43b0

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Quantum controlled teleportation is the transmission of the quantum state under the supervision of a third party. This paper presents the theoretical and experimental results of an arbitrary two-qubit quantum controlled teleportation scheme, in which the sender Alice only needs to perform two Bell state measurements and the receiver Bob can perform an appropriate unitary operation to reconstruct the arbitrary two-qubit states under the control of the supervisor Charlie. The operation process of the scheme is verified on the IBM quantum experience platform, and the accuracy of the transmitted quantum state is further checked by performing quantum state tomography. Meanwhile, a good fidelity is obtained by using the theoretical density matrix and the experimental density matrix. A sequence of photonic states is introduced to analyze the possible intercept–replace–resend, intercept–measure–resend, and entanglement–measure–resend attacks on this scheme. The results proved that our scheme is highly secure.
Controlled quantum teleportation involves a third party as a controller for the teleportation of state. Here, we present the novel protocols for controlling teleportation of the arbitrary two-qubit and three-qubit states through five-qubit and seven-qubit cluster states respectively. In these schemes, Alice sends the arbitrary qubit states to the remote receiver Bob through the cluster states as quantum channels under the control of Charlie. Bob can recover the mentioned states by making appropriate unitary operations, and we point out that the efficiency in our schemes is 100%. In the process of our analysis, we find the classical communication cost in our protocols is remarkably reduced when compared to the previous protocols. We perform the experimental realization of the above protocols on "IBM 16 Melbourne" quantum computer and "IBM quantum simulator" and we calculate the fidelity. We also examine the security analysis against Charlie, and these schemes which we considered here are secure against Charlie's attacks.
A new application of the five-qubit cluster state is investigated for economic and simple controlled teleportation of an arbitrary two-qubit state.In this scheme,a five-qubit cluster state is shared by a sender(Alice),a controller(Charlie)and a receiver(Bob),and the sender only needs to perform Bell-state measurements and the controller performs a single-qubit projective measurement.The receiver can reconstruct the arbitrary two-qubit state by performing some appropriate unitary transformations on his qubits after he knows the measured results of both the sender and the controller.This controlled teleportation scheme is deterministic,and the probability of successful controlled teleportation is 100%.In comparison with the controlled teleportation scheme using the same quantum channel,the proposed scheme do not need to make multi-particle joint measurement that makes this scheme simpler.
A bidirectional quantum controlled teleportation scheme using the entanglement property of six-qubit maximally entangled state was presented.In the theoretical scheme,the sixqubit maximally entangled state was employed as the quantum channel linking three legitimate participants.Users were both sender and receiver.Alice transmitted an arbitrary single qubit state of qubit ato Bob and Bob transmitted an arbitrary single qubit state of qubit bto Alice via the control of the supervisor Charlie.Users carried out the Bell state measurements on their own particles and publicly announced their measurement results via a classical channel.Then they operated proper unitary transformation on their own particles,respectively.The bidirectional quantum controlled teleportation was successfully realized.
In this paper, we propose a controlled quantum state sharing scheme to share an arbitrary two-qubit state using a five-qubit cluster state and the Bell state measurement. In this scheme, the five-qubit cluster state is shared by a sender (Alice), a controller (Charlie), and a receiver (Bob), and the sender only needs to perform the Bell-state measurements on her particles during the quantum state sharing process, the controller performs a single-qubit projective measurement on his particles, then the receiver can reconstruct the arbitrary two-qubit state by performing some appropriate unitary transformations on his particles after he has known the measured results of the sender and the controller.
It is shown that a maximally seven-qubit state can be utilized for perfect teleportation of arbitrary three qubit systems and controlled teleportation of an arbitrary three qubit state. For perfect teleportation, the sender first performs a Von-Neumann measurement on her qubits, then the sender(Alice) tells the measurement result to the receiver(Bob) via a classical channel, the receiver can reconstruct the original state by performing appropriate unitary transformations on his qubits at hand. For controlled teleportation, the sender firstly carries out proper Bell-state measurements and the controller(charlie) needs to operate a single-qubit measurement, the receiver can reconstruct the original state by applying appropriate unitary transformations on his qubits after he knows the measurement results of both the sender and controller. Besides, the two teleportation schemes can be realized with the maximal probability.
A scheme for controlled two-way quantum teleportation of unknown one-qubit state via GHZ quadripartite entangled state was proposed.Two sides of communication(Alice and Bob)and the controller,secretly share two pairs of GHZ quadripartite entangled state in advance to construct quantum channel.According to the different ways of distribution along with different measuring vectors choosed to use,two-way quantum teleportation controlled by a third party and a fouth party were realized.After communication,Alice and Bob perform quantum projection measurement on parts of their qubits respectively.If the controller agrees to intercommunication,he should measure his qubits and announce the results via classical channel.Then the both sides of communication can make appropriate unitary transformations on their own certain qubit on the basis of the controller′s results,thus they are able to reconstruct each other′s unknown state on their own qubit.The security of the whole two-way communication is greatly impoved owing to the join of the third party Charlie and the fourth party Dennis.