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Applied Physics Letters

Theoretical study of transparent peaks in a topological waveguide-cavity coupled system

Junhua Dong, Bingsuo Zou, Yongyou Zhang

Published Dec 20, 2021• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

All-optical analogues of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) have been investigated on various platforms due to its wide applications in optical devices. This theoretical study suggests an immune scheme to fabrication disorders based on the topological waveguide that couples with two cavities. On the one hand, the topological waveguide is immune to local disorders and can tolerate moderate global ones due to bulk gaps of photonic crystals. On the other hand, the global disorders are utilized to induce a frequency splitting between the two cavities, which is responsible for transparent peaks in transmission spectra. Moreover, the maximum tolerated disorders are theoretically analyzed, indicating that fabrication disorders in such a scheme can be used to design EIT or ATS.

DOI
10.1063/5.0067980

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All-optical analogues of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) have been investigated on various platforms due to its wide applications in optical devices. This theoretical study suggests an immune scheme to fabrication disorders based on the topological waveguide that couples with two cavities. On the one hand, the topological waveguide is immune to local disorders and can tolerate moderate global ones due to bulk gaps of photonic crystals. On the other hand, the global disorders are utilized to induce a frequency splitting between the two cavities, which is responsible for transparent peaks in transmission spectra. Moreover, the maximum tolerated disorders are theoretically analyzed, indicating that fabrication disorders in such a scheme can be used to design EIT or ATS.
In this paper, we quantitatively distinguish electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) in a photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC)-waveguide coupled system. Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) is applied to calculate the two effects’ respective weights in the simulated transmission spectra. EIT and ATS are two phenomena that both have a transparent window in the transmission caused by different mechanisms in the atomic system. It’s difficult to distinguish these two phenomena directly from the spectrum. AIC provides a measurement distinguishing the two effects in the atomic, plasmonic, optomechanical system, etc. Based on the temporal coupled-mode theory, the theoretical model of the structure is established, and the transmission formula is deduced. Distance between the PCNC and the waveguide is varied to further explore the factors affecting the weights. The study shows great potential in precisely and quantitatively evaluating the interference of fields in future optical on-chip integration design.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) are two phenomena that can affect the transmission of a probe field in the presence of a stronger field, both yielding transparency in the absorption profile. Being able to discriminate these two similar but distinct phenomena is of vital importance. Here we propose a scheme to describe the EIT and ATS phenomena in a plasmonic system. The proposed system consists of one radiative resonator and one subradiant resonator in metal-insulator-metal waveguide, and the transition is observed from the ATS model to the EIT model through three qualitative regions as the coupling strength decreases. In addition, we apply the method proposed by Anisimov to the induced transparency spectrum in our model, and numerically discerning EIT from ATS based on the Akaike's information criterion in a clear way.
In this paper, we experimentally demonstrated an Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) effect in a cascaded optical whispering gallery mode resonator system. Although electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has been investigated as an interesting Fano resonance in the recent decades, the critical resonance matched condition of a high quality factor resonator and a low-quality factor resonator makes EIT difficult to realize and hardly tunable. In contrast, ATS requires relatively simple system configurations, and the effect can be preserved over a large tuning range. In our approach, a theoretical model based on coupled mode theory is developed, and the methodology of creating and controlling the ATS modes is demonstrated. In our experiment, the optical resonators have a loaded quality factor of about 3 × 105and cascaded in a strong coupling condition. For the experimental demonstration, a thermo-optical mechanism is utilized to control the splitting modes in our system. The asymmetric shape of a splitting resonances shift has a perfect fit with the theoretical calculations and numerical modeling results. Utilizing the precise tenability of splitting modes, the ATS has an extra degree of freedom to perform resonance tuning, which has become an ideal method to overcome the current detection limit.