Impairments baseband model in-phase and quadrature-phase Imbalance (IQI) and Residual hardware impairments (RHI) are two key factors degrading the performance of wireless communication systems (WCS). In this paper, the joint effect of both IQI and RHI on the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of a WCS subject to Fox’s H-fading channel is investigated. Such a fading model generalizes most, if not all, of well-known fading and turbulence models. To this end, novel generalized closed-form expression is derived for the secrecy outage probability for all possible scenarios namely (i) Transmitter (Tx) only impaired, (ii) Receiver (Rx) only impaired, and (iii) both Tx and Rx are impaired. α−µ has been considered as a particular case of Fox’s H-fading distribution. The analytical derivations, revealed by simulation results, demonstrate that the RF impairments’ effects should be seriously taken into account in the design of secure next-generation wireless technologies. On the other hand, the numerical results show that the parameters of fading channels can be used as a key to mitigating the effects of RF impairments on the secrecy performance.
Impairments baseband model in-phase and quadrature-phase Imbalance (IQI) and Residual hardware impairments (RHI) are two key factors degrading the performance of wireless communication systems (WCS). In this paper, the joint effect of both IQI and RHI on the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of a WCS subject to Fox’s H-fading channel is investigated. Such a fading model generalizes most, if not all, of well-known fading and turbulence models. To this end, novel generalized closed-form expression is derived for the secrecy outage probability for all possible scenarios namely (i) Transmitter (Tx) only impaired, (ii) Receiver (Rx) only impaired, and (iii) both Tx and Rx are impaired. α−µ has been considered as a particular case of Fox’s H-fading distribution. The analytical derivations, revealed by simulation results, demonstrate that the RF impairments’ effects should be seriously taken into account in the design of secure next-generation wireless technologies. On the other hand, the numerical results show that the parameters of fading channels can be used as a key to mitigating the effects of RF impairments on the secrecy performance.
Radio frequency front ends constitute a fundamental part of both conventional and emerging wireless systems. However, in spite of their importance, they are often assumed ideal, although they are practically subject to certain detrimental impairments, such as amplifier nonlinearities, phase noise, and in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) imbalance (IQI). This letter is devoted to the quantification and evaluation of the effects of IQI on the secrecy capacity of a wiretap channel. Novel closed-form expressions are derived for the secrecy outage probability for the case of ideal transmitter and I/Q imbalanced legitimate user's and eavesdropper's receivers. Numerical results and simulations illustrate the detrimental effects of IQI on the physical layer security performance, and reveal that IQI should be seriously taken into consideration in the design of secure wireless systems.
On Physical Layer Security Over Fox's H-Function Wiretap Fading Channels
Most of the well-known fading distributions, if not all of them, could be encompassed by the Fox's H-function fading. Consequently, we investigate the physical layer security over Fox's H-function fading wiretap channels, in the presence of non-colluding and colluding eavesdroppers. In particular, for the non-colluding scenario, closed-form expressions are derived for the secrecy outage probability (SOP), the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity, and the average secrecy capacity. These expressions are given in terms of either univariate or bivariate Fox's H-function. In order to show the effectiveness of our derivations, three metrics are respectively listed over the following frequently used fading channels, including Rayleigh, Weibull, Nakagami-m, α - μ, Fisher-Snedecor (F-S) F, and extended generalized-K. Our tractable results are not only straightforward and general, but also feasible and applicable, especially the SOP, which is usually limited to the lower bound in the literature due to the difficulty of deriving closed-from analytical expressions. For the colluding scenario, a super eavesdropper equipped with maximal ratio combining (MRC) or selection-combining (SC) schemes is characterized. The lower bound of SOP and exact PNZ are thereafter derived with closed-form expressions in terms of the multivariate Fox's H-function. In order to validate the accuracy of our analytical results, Monte Carlo simulations are subsequently conducted for the aforementioned fading channels. One can observe that for the former non-colluding scenario, we have perfect agreement between the exact analytical and simulation results, and highly accurate approximations between the exact and asymptotic analytical results. On the contrary, the SOP and PNZ of colluding eavesdropper is greatly degraded with the increase of the number of eavesdroppers. Also, the so-called super eavesdropper with MRC is much powerful to wiretap the main channel than the one with SC.
In this study, the secrecy performance of physical layer when both the main and wiretap channels undergo shadowed fading conditions is analysed. In particular, the average secrecy capacity, secure outage probability (SOP), the lower bound of SOP (SOP ), and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity are derived by using the classic Wyner's wiretap model. Two different scenarios for the fading parameters, namely, and m , which represent the real extension of the number of the multipath clusters and the shadowing index, respectively, have been studied. These parameters are chosen first as arbitrary numbers, thus the performance metrics are given in exact closed‐form in terms of the extended generalised bivariate Fox's H ‐function that has been widely implemented in the open literature using various software packages. In the second scenario, both the fading parameters are assumed to be integer numbers to obtain the derived results in simple exact closed‐form mathematically tractable expressions in terms of some analytic functions. The numerical results of this analysis are verified via the Monte Carlo simulations.
Next-generation wireless communication systems with high user mobility inherit cascaded fading channel models, where the fading effects are more severe than classical channel models including Rayleigh and Nakagami-m. In this study, physical layer secrecy/security performance analysis has been investigated over double Nakagami-m fading channels. While analytic results are derived, the closed-form expression of the probability of positive secrecy capacity is obtained, then the exact secrecy outage probability is obtained in the closed-form. Furthermore, computer simulations are given to verify the analytic results.
Physical Layer Security Over α - κ - μ and α - η - μ Fading Channels
In this correspondence, the physical layer security of wireless systems under generalized α-κ-μ and α-η-μ fading with arbitrary fading parameters is analyzed in terms of the secrecy outage probability (SOP). To this end, novel analytical expressions for the lower bound of the SOP are derived. Moreover, an asymptotic secrecy analysis is investigated for each corresponding SOP to get the secrecy diversity gain. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to assess the accuracy of the proposed analytical framework.
In this paper, we consider the transmission of confidential information over an α-μ and a κ-μ fading channel in the presence of an eavesdropper who experiences κ-μ and α-μ fading, respectively. In particular, we derive novel analytical expressions for the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) and a lower bound on secrecy outage probability (SOPL) for independent and non-identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) channel coefficients. These results have been validated through simulations and reduction to known special cases. These new, very general formulations, are important as they bring together previously non-unified secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probabilities (SOP) such as those involving α-μ, Nakagami-m, Rayleigh, OneSided Gaussian, Weibull, Negative Exponential with κ-μ and Rice. Additionally, due to the duality of analysis of secrecy capacity and co-channel interference (CCI), the results presented here will also have immediate applicability in the analysis of outage probability in wireless systems affected by CCI and background noise for the aforementioned fading scenarios.