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Springer proceedings in physics

Bistability and Self-Pulsing Using Input Couplers on Nonlinear Planar Waveguides

W. Lukosz, P. Pirani, V. Briguet

Published Jan 1, 1986• 9 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-46580-2_31

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Self-pulsing optical systems produce at constant input power P an output power PR (t)varying periodically with time t. Self-pulsing (SP) in nonlinear Fabry Perots and hybrid systems is well known. We reported the first known observation of SP in prism coupling into planar waveguides [1]. Recently we identified the physical mechanism of the SP and we shaved that SP occurs in a wider class of waveguide materials [2]. We also demonstrated that the same prism-waveguide system can exhibit SP, optical bistability (0B), and a special form of bistability (0B/SP), where at the same constant input power P the output power P is either constant in time or self-pulsing. In the present paper we present more experimental material and discuss the physical effects determining the system's behaviour.
The 'external' grating coupler is a diffraction grating pressed against the planar waveguide in a similar way as a prism coupler. Such couplers have, to the best of our knowledge, not been used in integrated optics. The couplers normally used are surface relief gratings on the waveguide. We report on a new type of optical bistability (OB) which occurs only with external but not with normal grating couplers. The air gap of width d, where 0≤d≤λ, plays an essential role in the OB mechanism.