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Nonlinear properties of dense coherent media

Eugeniy E. Mikhailov

Published Sep 30, 2004• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Properties of coherent media in the regime of \nelectromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) \nare studied. \nA study of the shape and width of the EIT resonance is presented \nfor coherent media with buffer gas. \nObservation of an absorption-like resonance for large one-photon detunings in a medium with \nbuffer gas and its properties are shown. \nThe regime of ``slow'' and ``fast'' group velocities are studied. \nObservation \nof narrow resonances with a phase broadened probe field is presented, \nand possible application of this regime are outlined.

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References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 The propagation of light in dispersive media can be described by five different kinds of wave velocities [1-3]: • Phase velocity, which is the speed at which the zero crossings of the carrier wave move • Group velocity, at which the peak of a wave packet moves • Energy velocity, at which the energy is transported by the wave • Signal velocity, at which the half-maximum wave amplitude moves • Front velocity, at which the first appearance of a discontinuity moves Generally, all five velocities can differ from each other, although in a linear passive dispersive media, they coincide and are, usually, less than the light velocity in vacuum. Recently, experimental demonstrations [4-6] in variousmedia show that the group velocity of light canbe reducedby10-100million compared with its vacuum phase velocity. The physics is based on very steep frequency dispersion in the vicinity of narrow resonance of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [7-11].

CRC Press eBooks•Oct 8, 2018•0 citations
Properties of coherent media in the regime of \nelectromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) \nare studied. \nA study of the shape and width of the EIT resonance is presented \nfor coherent media with buffer gas. \nObservation of an absorption-like resonance for large one-photon detunings in a medium with \nbuffer gas and its properties are shown. \nThe regime of slow'' and fast'' group velocities are studied. \nObservation \nof narrow resonances with a phase broadened probe field is presented, \nand possible application of this regime are outlined.
Spectroscopic properties of coherently prepared, optically dense atomic media are studied experimentally and analyzed theoretically. It is shown that in such media the power broadening of the resonances can be substantially reduced. A density-dependent spectral narrowing of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window and novel, even narrower, resonances superimposed on the EIT line are observed in dense Rb vapor. A nonlinear two-photon spectroscopic technique based on coherent atomic media and combining high resolution with a large signal-to-noise ratio seems feasible.
The absorption and dispersion properties of an N-type four-level system with Doppler(broadening) effect were investigated.In this system we considered two coherent fields and a probe field.When the second coherent field is absent,this system is a single three-level configuration,and the absorption line is just one clear electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) window.While the second coherent field exists,there are two EIT windows which become wide and deep with the(coherent) intensity increasing.The position width and absorbance of the transparency windows can be manipulated by adjusting the detuning of the driving field.In addition,we also found that the medium shows a large refractive index at each transparency window,and the group velocity of the probe laser can be reduced.
This thesis presents theoretical derivations and experimental demonstrations of Kerr optical nonlinearities and their dynamics. The Kerr nonlinearity studied is based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), and is known for having an unusually large cross-phase modulation (XPM) [1]. Also, quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements of photon number using the EIT Kerr nonlinearity are discussed. We first discuss the EIT line shapes in hot atomic vapors both with and without buffer gasses, and for the specific case of EIT line shapes on the D1 line of rubidium. Using a Bloch-vector formalism to describe EIT, we derive new expressions describing the dynamical evolution of the EIT Kerr nonlinearity and the rise-time of the EIT Kerr effect. The theory of the EIT Kerr dynamics is confirmed by experiments using hot rubidium vapor in a buffer gas. These experimental observations confirm that the rise-time of the EIT Kerr effect is linearly proportional to the optical thickness of the EIT medium and inversely proportional to the width of the EIT transparency resonance.
Coherent nonlinear effects such as Electromagnetically Induced Transparency\n(EIT), Coherent Population Trapping (CPT), and Slow light are studied in thermal\nRb vapor by both continuous and pulsed laser fields. This work primarily includes\nthree parts: (I) mode-locked rubidium laser and its applications (II) enhanced coupling\nbetween optical and sound waves in the forward direction via ultra-slow light\n(III) optical steering via ultra-slow light in rubidium vapor.\nIn part(I), I describe the construction and study of a mode-locked rubidium laser\noperating at the Rb D1 line using an active mode-locking technique inside the laser\ncavity. The mode-locked laser field is used to observe coherent effects in a dense\nrubidium gas.\nIn part(II), I experimentally demonstrate enhanced acoustic-optic coupling that\noccurs when the velocity of sound is close to the group velocity of light. Dragging of\nthe light by effective motion of the gas in a Rb cell is the origin of enhanced coupling.\nGood agreement between theory and experiment is found.\nIn part(III), I experimentally demonstrate optical beam deflection in coherently\ndriven rubidium vapor due to the steep refraction index profile in the region of EIT.
Coherent preparation by laser light of quantum states of atoms and molecules can lead to quantum interference in the amplitudes of optical transitions. In this way the optical properties of a medium can be dramatically modified, leading to electromagnetically induced transparency and related effects, which have placed gas-phase systems at the center of recent advances in the development of media with radically new optical properties. This article reviews these advances and the new possibilities they offer for nonlinear optics and quantum information science. As a basis for the theory of electromagnetically induced transparency the authors consider the atomic dynamics and the optical response of the medium to a continuous-wave laser. They then discuss pulse propagation and the adiabatic evolution of field-coupled states and show how coherently prepared media can be used to improve frequency conversion in nonlinear optical mixing experiments. The extension of these concepts to very weak optical fields in the few-photon limit is then examined. The review concludes with a discussion of future prospects and potential new applications.
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 The propagation of light in dispersive media can be described by five different kinds of wave velocities [1-3]: • Phase velocity, which is the speed at which the zero crossings of the carrier wave move • Group velocity, at which the peak of a wave packet moves • Energy velocity, at which the energy is transported by the wave • Signal velocity, at which the half-maximum wave amplitude moves • Front velocity, at which the first appearance of a discontinuity moves Generally, all five velocities can differ from each other, although in a linear passive dispersive media, they coincide and are, usually, less than the light velocity in vacuum. Recently, experimental demonstrations [4-6] in variousmedia show that the group velocity of light canbe reducedby10-100million compared with its vacuum phase velocity. The physics is based on very steep frequency dispersion in the vicinity of narrow resonance of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [7-11].