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Cordus Matter: Part 3.4 Special States of Matter

Dirk John Pons, Arion Pons, Ariel M. Pons, Aiden Jasper Pons

Published Apr 1, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The Cordus principle of complementary frequency states (CoFS) is used to develop a novel descriptive model for the mechanisms underlying superfluidity and superconductivity. In both cases Cordus explains the effects as synchronisation of forces between electrons and atoms. Several associated effects are likewise explained, including quantum vortices, heat conduction in superfluids, and the Meissner effect in superconductors. Cordus also asserts that superposition does not exist, at least not the way QM conceptualises it. In particular, that the mathematics of superposition and the wavefunction are not the reality, only mathematical approximations of deeper effects, and are unreliable qualitative descriptors of those underlying mechanisms. The concept of �coherence� is reconceptualised and the reasons why that state cannot be readily achieved are discussed. Cordus also explains why Quantum mechanics, which seems to apply at the level of individual particles, does not scale up to macroscopic bodies.

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The dominant paradigm in conventional physics is that of a �particle�, which this paper suggests is a badly flawed premise. The cordus particuloid is a more coherent concept in that it offers explanations of phenomena that are otherwise puzzling, and does so with one conceptual consistent framework across a wide variety of phenomena. This paper shows how entanglement is readily explained as a natural consequence of the cordus. It also introduces the principle of complementary frequency state synchronisation (CoFS) as the deeper principle beneath the Pauli exclusion principle, and coherence. It is suggested that Bell�s Theorem is only applicable to 1D point particles, and is thus generally irrelevant. Specifically, Bell�s Theorem is not an obstacle to models of hidden variables. Furthermore, it is suggested that the principle of locality is not viable in its present form, and a principle of wider locality is proposed.

•Apr 1, 2011•1 citation

Limits of coherence: Where and why is the transition to discoherence?

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This paper provides a conceptual solution to the questions of what causes discoherence and where the limits of coherence might be. Coherence is reinterpreted from the cordus perspective, as being a state when all the particules have synchronised frequencies and phases thereof, i.e. a form of complementary frequency state synchronisation (CoFS). Alternatively coherence can be perceived as a special state of assembly where the particules provide for mutual preservation of the de-energised locations of each other. Cordus anticipates three mechanisms for discoherence. First, a coherent material cannot accept internal shear velocity. Second, higher temperatures lead to decoherence because phonons (internal thermal vibrations) disturb the stability. Third, more complex assemblies of matter are harder to put into coherence, and the complicating factors are expected to be the number of components in the assembly, and the variety of species (simplicity and purity). Accordingly, the upper limit for coherence could be a simple crystal, or perhaps even a virus, with a limited number of species (different molecules or elements), at low temperature. However this is thought to be an optimistic prediction. This model predicts that coherence is already unachievable at the assembly level of the smallest metal grains, mineral crystals, and cell organelles, at ambient temperature. Thus warm macroscopic objects and living creatures cannot be put into coherence or superposition. However there is no problem with having coherent domains within a discoherent body, e.g. molecules that are internally coherent. Single particules, such as electrons, are selfcoherent under any conditions. Edition 1 > Date: Monday, 9 January 2012 > Document: Pons_Cordus_6.0_CoherenceLimits_E1.0.9.doc

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•Jul 1, 2011•3 citations
The Cordus principle of complementary frequency states (CoFS) is used to develop a novel descriptive model for the mechanisms underlying superfluidity and superconductivity. In both cases Cordus explains the effects as synchronisation of forces between electrons and atoms. Several associated effects are likewise explained, including quantum vortices, heat conduction in superfluids, and the Meissner effect in superconductors. Cordus also asserts that superposition does not exist, at least not the way QM conceptualises it. In particular, that the mathematics of superposition and the wavefunction are not the reality, only mathematical approximations of deeper effects, and are unreliable qualitative descriptors of those underlying mechanisms. The concept of �coherence� is reconceptualised and the reasons why that state cannot be readily achieved are discussed. Cordus also explains why Quantum mechanics, which seems to apply at the level of individual particles, does not scale up to macroscopic bodies.
The dominant paradigm in conventional physics is that of a �particle�, which this paper suggests is a badly flawed premise. The cordus particuloid is a more coherent concept in that it offers explanations of phenomena that are otherwise puzzling, and does so with one conceptual consistent framework across a wide variety of phenomena. This paper shows how entanglement is readily explained as a natural consequence of the cordus. It also introduces the principle of complementary frequency state synchronisation (CoFS) as the deeper principle beneath the Pauli exclusion principle, and coherence. It is suggested that Bell�s Theorem is only applicable to 1D point particles, and is thus generally irrelevant. Specifically, Bell�s Theorem is not an obstacle to models of hidden variables. Furthermore, it is suggested that the principle of locality is not viable in its present form, and a principle of wider locality is proposed.
This paper provides a conceptual solution to the questions of what causes discoherence and where the limits of coherence might be. Coherence is reinterpreted from the cordus perspective, as being a state when all the particules have synchronised frequencies and phases thereof, i.e. a form of complementary frequency state synchronisation (CoFS). Alternatively coherence can be perceived as a special state of assembly where the particules provide for mutual preservation of the de-energised locations of each other. Cordus anticipates three mechanisms for discoherence. First, a coherent material cannot accept internal shear velocity. Second, higher temperatures lead to decoherence because phonons (internal thermal vibrations) disturb the stability. Third, more complex assemblies of matter are harder to put into coherence, and the complicating factors are expected to be the number of components in the assembly, and the variety of species (simplicity and purity). Accordingly, the upper limit for coherence could be a simple crystal, or perhaps even a virus, with a limited number of species (different molecules or elements), at low temperature. However this is thought to be an optimistic prediction. This model predicts that coherence is already unachievable at the assembly level of the smallest metal grains, mineral crystals, and cell organelles, at ambient temperature. Thus warm macroscopic objects and living creatures cannot be put into coherence or superposition. However there is no problem with having coherent domains within a discoherent body, e.g. molecules that are internally coherent. Single particules, such as electrons, are selfcoherent under any conditions. Edition 1 > Date: Monday, 9 January 2012 > Document: Pons_Cordus_6.0_CoherenceLimits_E1.0.9.doc
Quantum mechanics is the dominant conceptual foundation for fundamental physics. Nonetheless there are effects that it does not explain, or explains only by reference to metaphysical effects. While many have wondered whether there could be a more-complete explanation, the solution has been elusive. Cordus suggests that the necessary deeper mechanics is only accessible by abandoning the premise of �particle�, and shows how to achieve this. The resulting Cordus mechanics provides a new way of thinking and a radically different conceptual foundation. This paper primarily contrasts Quantum and Cordus mechanics. In the process, Cordus re-conceptualises Heisenberg�s uncertainty principle. It also provides an explanation for the paradox of Schr�dinger�s Cat, and shows it to be based on unrealistic and unattainable premises.
Superfluidity is one of the most striking manifestations of quantum mechanics at macroscopic scales, characterized by frictionless flow and the emergence of collective quantum phenomena. The theoretical foundation of superfluidity in fermionic systems was revolutionized by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory, developed in 1957 to explain superconductivity in metals. This groundbreaking work provided a microscopic description of how attractive interactions between electrons near the Fermi surface can lead to the formation of Cooper pairs-correlated pairs of fermions that condense into a coherent quantum state. The BCS theory not only explained superconductivity but also laid the groundwork for understanding superfluidity in systems like liquid helium-3 and ultracold fermionic gases, becoming a cornerstone of condensed matter physics.
Quantum mechanics (QM) has the problem of lacking a coherent conceptual foundation, even if its quantitative algorithms are functionally adequate. This paper appraises the conceptual logic beneath quantum mechanics, using as the point of reference a novel alternative conceptual framework called the cordus conjecture. If the cordus conjecture is correct then the comparison suggests that quantum mechanics is conceptually fallacious in several areas: (1) Particles need not be zero-dimensional points after all. (2) Bell�s theorem is refuted as being not universally applicable, and the principle of locality also fails. (3) The wavefunction is a mathematical approximation of a deeper reality, and superposition is not a physical state. (4) Superposition confounds positional and causal (temporal) variability, and this causes the weirdness of the QM interpretations. (5) Cordus identifies the factors that cause decoherence and (6) explains why quantum mechanics does not scale up to macroscopic objects. (7) It is fallacious to consider fields and particles as independent phenomena. Instead they are closely coupled in the cordus, and this explains the measurement context. Several core principles of QM are thereby refuted. The paradox of Schr�dinger�s Cat is explained as an artefact of these flawed premises. The paper also explains why the mathematical machinery of quantum mechanics is a reasonable approximation to reality, even if the concepts are not. The mathematics works, at least within a certain scale-range where: (a) things look like particles and the proposed cordus structure is not evident (i.e. not too small) and (b) where body-coherence is attainable (i.e. not too large). Outside of that range quantum mechanics seems neither conceptually nor mathematically relevant. The same analysis predicts QM is unlikely to scale down to the next deeper level of physics. The implications are that QM is profoundly deficient in its conceptual foundations, and is only an approximation of a deeper and more logically consistent mechanics.