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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Simultaneous Generation of Arbitrary Assembly of Polarization States for On-Chip Quantum Information Technology

Yajun Gao, Ru‐Wen Peng, Mu Wang

Published Mar 18, 2021• 0 citations
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Integration of entangled photon sources in a quantum photonic chip has enabled the most envisioned quantum photonic technologies to be performed in a compact platform with enhanced complexity and stability as compared to bulk optics. However, the technology to generate entangled photon states in a quantum photonic chip that are neither probabilistic nor restricted to low efficiency is still missing. Here, we introduce a hybrid quantum photonic chip where waveguide-coupled self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) are heterogeneously integrated onto a piezoelectric actuator. By exerting an anisotropic stress, we experimentally show that the fine structure splitting of waveguide-coupled quantum dots can be effectively eliminated. This allows for the demonstration of chip-integrated self-assembled QDs for generating and routing polarization-entangled photon pairs. Our results presented here would open up an avenue for implementing on-demand quantum information processing in a quantum photonic chip by employing all-solid-state self-assembled quantum dot emitters.
Generating nonclassical states of photons such as polarization-entangled states on a monolithic chip is a crucial step towards practical applications of optical quantum information processing such as quantum computing and quantum key distribution. Here we demonstrate two polarization-entangled photon sources in a single monolithic semiconductor waveguide. The first source is achieved through the concurrent utilization of two spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) processes, namely, type-0 and type-I SPDC processes. The chip can also generate polarization-entangled photons via the type-II SPDC process, enabling the generation of both copolarized- and cross-polarized polarization-entangled photons in the same device. In both cases, polarization entanglement is generated directly on the chip without the use of any off-chip compensation, interferometry, or bandpass filtering. This enables direct, chip-based generation of both Bell states $(|H,H\ensuremath{\rangle}+|V,V\ensuremath{\rangle})/\sqrt{2}$ and $(|H,V\ensuremath{\rangle}+|V,H\ensuremath{\rangle})/\sqrt{2}$ simultaneously utilizing the same pump source. In addition, based on compound semiconductors, this chip can be directly integrated with it own pump laser. This technique ushers an era of self-contained, integrated, electrically pumped, room-temperature polarization-entangled photon sources.
The ability to combine various advanced functionalities on a single chip is a key issue for both classical and quantum photonic-based technologies. On-chip generation and handling of orthogonally polarized photon pairs, one of the most used resources in quantum information protocols, is a central challenge for the development of scalable quantum photonics circuits; in particular, the management of spectrally broadband biphoton states, an asset attracting growing attention for its capability to convey large-scale quantum information in a single spatial mode, is missing. Here, we demonstrate a monolithic AlGaAs chip, including the generation of broadband orthogonally polarized photon pairs and their polarization splitting; 85% of the pairs are deterministically separated by the chip over a 60 nm bandwidth. The quality of the two-photon interference at the chip output is assessed via a Hong–Ou–Mandel experiment displaying a raw visibility of 75.5% over the same bandwidth. These results, obtained for the first time at room temperature and telecom wavelength, in a platform combining strong confinement, high second-order nonlinearity, electro-optic effect, and direct bandgap, confirm the validity of our approach and represent a significant step toward miniaturized and easy-to-handle photonic devices working in the broadband regime for quantum information processing.