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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Toward RF to Optical Quantum Transduction using Brillouin Scattering

Taekwan Yoon, Vijay Jain, David L. Mason, Yiwen Chu, Prashanta Kharel, Luigi Frunzio, Peter T. Rakich, Robert J. Schoelkopf

Published Mar 16, 2021• 0 citations
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We use an erbium doped CaWO4 crystal as a resonant transducer between the RF and optical domains at 12 GHz and 1532 nm respectively. We employ a RF resonator to enhance the spin coupling but keep a single-pass (non-resonant) optical setup. The overall efficiency is low but we carefully characterize the transduction process and show that the performance can be described by two different metrics that we define and distinguish: the electro-optics and the quantum efficiencies. We reach an electro-optics efficiency of -84 dB for 15.7 dBm RF power. The corresponding quantum efficiency is -142 dB for 0.4 dBm optical power. We develop the Schrödinger-Maxwell formalism, well-known to describe light-matter interactions in atomic systems, in order to model the conversion process. We explicitly make the connection with the cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) approach that are generally used to describe quantum transduction.
In this paper, we proposed a novel approach to realize analogues of electromagnetically induced transmission response in the RF domain, which is also tunable in terms of frequency of operation. The demonstrated filter has been realized using Brillouin scattering and advanced phase engineering. An extinction ratio of 80 dB at a total optical pump power of 13 dBm has been achieved. We transmitted a quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signal through the filter and observed the effect on error vector magnitude (EVM).