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IEEE photonics journal

A Poisson-Gaussian Noise Limited Quantum Iterative Multi-User System With Non-Ideal Photon-Counting Receiver

Weiqiang Weng, Xiaolin Zhou, Jun Zhang, Pengfei Tian, Yongkang Chen, Abu Bakar Waqas, Zhichao Dong

Published Nov 19, 2021• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent state quantum communication is attracting extensive attention for its great value in terrestrial and satellite information networks. This paper proposes a new non-orthogonal quantum multi-user (MU) iterative detection scheme. At the receiving end, we develop a composite quantum receiver with multi-stage measurement instrument and soft iterative MU detector. Furthermore, based on a three-dimensional factor graph, a nonlinear Poisson-Gaussian noise limited coherent state iterative MU parallel interference cancellation (PIC) algorithm is derived. Our results demonstrate that this system can well support MU communication and achieve good performance. Quantitatively, for the 8 users scenario, the BER of$10^{-6}$can be obtained when the photon number is 19. Further numerical results show that the system we designed exhibits superior robustness against imperfections (e.g., quantum mode mismatch and quantum thermal noise).

DOI
10.1109/jphot.2021.3129452

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Coherent state quantum communication is attracting extensive attention for its great value in terrestrial and satellite information networks. This paper proposes a new non-orthogonal quantum multi-user (MU) iterative detection scheme. At the receiving end, we develop a composite quantum receiver with multi-stage measurement instrument and soft iterative MU detector. Furthermore, based on a three-dimensional factor graph, a nonlinear Poisson-Gaussian noise limited coherent state iterative MU parallel interference cancellation (PIC) algorithm is derived. Our results demonstrate that this system can well support MU communication and achieve good performance. Quantitatively, for the 8 users scenario, the BER of10−610^{-6}10−6can be obtained when the photon number is 19. Further numerical results show that the system we designed exhibits superior robustness against imperfections (e.g., quantum mode mismatch and quantum thermal noise).
Quantum wireless communications (QWC) is emerging as a promising candidate for future terrestrial information networks. In this paper, over noisy quantum atmospheric turbulence channels, a new non-orthogonal coherentstate massive-MIMO uplink scheme is proposed. At the receiver, a composite quantum iterative multi-stage measuring instrument and MIMO detector is developed. In particular, a non-additive Poisson shot noise limited quantum iterative massive-MIMO interference cancellation algorithm is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is capable of obtaining the substantial spatial diversity gain in severely noisy quantum turbulence channels, while effectively mitigating the quantum multi-user (MU) interference. Quantitatively, for the 8 × 64 MIMO scenario, it can achieve the BER of 10-6 at -179.3dBJ per bit over a strong Gamma-Gamma turbulence fading channel (α = 2.1, βc = 2.4). Furthermore, the proposed scheme can provide significant performance improvements over a recent reported photon-counting MIMO receiver [18].
One of the most crucial challenges in large-scale quantum communication systems is how to simultaneously transmit quantum information among multiple users via a common channel. In this paper, a novel non-orthogonal iterative quantum multiuser communication system is proposed. Based on the beam splitter network (BSN), we combine the independent quantum-state signals of different users into a single transmission channel. Furthermore, using photon-number-resolving detectors (PNRDs) based quantum adaptive feedback positive operator valued measurement, a chip-interleaved quantum iterative parallel interference cancellation (Iter-PIC) multiuser detection is developed. From the simulation results, the proposed quantum multiuser communication system can easily achieve 10e-7 bit error rate (BER) performance at 42 photons per bit for 6 users transmitting simultaneously. Also, from the extrinsic information transfer trajectories (EXIT) analysis results, this quantum chip interleaved Iter-PIC system is verified to have robust and fast convergence property in tough conditions, e.g. extra low receiving signal energy and quantum mode mismatch. Moreover, we show that the throughput of proposed quantum Iter-PIC system is 66.7% higher than that of the existing quantum wavelength division multiple access (q-WDMA) communication systems.
Quantum wireless communications (QWC) is gaining much attention for its incomparable advantages of secure key transmission in free-space scenarios. In this paper, a novel iterative multi-user quantum key distribution (MQKD) non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) system over Poisson atmospheric channels is proposed. Considering the atmospheric attenuation and quantum direct product operation, a MQKD parallel interference cancellation (PIC) approach is designed at the receiver. In particular, a quantum nonlinear Poisson shot noise limited sum-product interference cancellation algorithm is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is capable of mitigating the multi-user interference effectively, even considering the polarization mismatch. Quantitatively, for the 4-user scenario, it can achieve the classical Bit Error Rate (BER) of 3 x 10-6 at 2.5 km distance with polarization mismatch factor of 0.05. Moreover, the proposed NOMA-MQKD scheme can have obviously higher secure key rate than the conventional WDMA-MQKD approach.
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) comprises a prospective technology in the 5th generation (5G) and future wireless communications. In this paper, due to intrinsic nonorthogonal properties of coherent state multi-user communications, a new iterative quantum spatial coupling NOMA (q-SC-NOMA) scheme is proposed. The simulation results confirm that, compared to the recent reported multi-stage displacement based receiver (MDR), the q-SC-NOMA scheme is capable of achieving obviously better performance, saving about 3dB mean signal power in 3-user scenario. Moreover, the q-SC-NOMA scheme can obtain the lower bit error rate (BER) than the non-spatial-coupled quantum NOMA (q-NOMA) approach with reduced computational complexity. In particular, the q-SC-NOMA also offers high robustness against many practical quantum domain imperfections, e.g. mode mismatch and dark counts, etc.
A new strategy of iterative quantum receivers with photon-number-resolving detectors is proposed to discriminate coherent states. The iterative quantum receiver provides a bit error rate closer to the Helstrom limit when compared with a recently proposed non-iterative quantum receiver. Moreover, the proposed iterative receiver is robust against various imperfections, such as mode mismatch, non-ideal quantum efficiency and dark counts. The simulation results indicate that the iterative receiver is capable of achieving 2.16 dB improvement upon the standard quantum limit, leaving only 0.65 dB from the Helstrom limit. Besides, with Turbo encoder and decoder, the iterative receiver gives about 1.46 dB improvement over the conventional non-iterative quantum receiver and approaches the equivalent Helstrom limit.
Coherent states have been increasingly considered in optical quantum communications (OQCs). With the inherent non-orthogonality of coherent states, non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) naturally lends itself to the implementation of multi-user OQC. However, this remains unexplored in the literature. This paper proposes a novel successive interference cancellation (SIC)-based Kennedy receiver for uplink NOMA-OQC systems, along with a new approach for power allocation of the coherent states emitted by users. The key idea is to rigorously derive the asymptotic sum-rate of the considered systems, taking into account the impact of atmospheric turbulence, background noise, and lossy photon channel. With the asymptotic sum-rate, we optimize the average number of photons (or powers) of the coherent states emitted by the users. Variable substitution and successive convex approximation (SCA) are employed to convexify and maximize the asymptotic sum-rate iteratively. A new coherent-state power allocation algorithm is developed for a small-to-medium number of users. We further develop its low-complexity variant using adaptive importance sampling, which is suitable for scenarios with a medium-to-large number of users. Simulations demonstrate that our algorithms significantly enhance the sum-rate of uplink NOMA-OQC systems using coherent states by over 20\%, compared to their alternatives.