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Photon Counting Based Iterative Quantum Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access with Spatial Coupling

Dailing Shen, Chenjia Wei, Xiaolin Zhou, Lingda Wang, Chongbin Xu

Published Dec 1, 2018• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) comprises a prospective technology in the 5th generation (5G) and future wireless communications. In this paper, due to intrinsic nonorthogonal properties of coherent state multi-user communications, a new iterative quantum spatial coupling NOMA (q-SC-NOMA) scheme is proposed. The simulation results confirm that, compared to the recent reported multi-stage displacement based receiver (MDR), the q-SC-NOMA scheme is capable of achieving obviously better performance, saving about 3dB mean signal power in 3-user scenario. Moreover, the q-SC-NOMA scheme can obtain the lower bit error rate (BER) than the non-spatial-coupled quantum NOMA (q-NOMA) approach with reduced computational complexity. In particular, the q-SC-NOMA also offers high robustness against many practical quantum domain imperfections, e.g. mode mismatch and dark counts, etc.

DOI
10.1109/glocom.2018.8648086

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Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) comprises a prospective technology in the 5th generation (5G) and future wireless communications. In this paper, due to intrinsic nonorthogonal properties of coherent state multi-user communications, a new iterative quantum spatial coupling NOMA (q-SC-NOMA) scheme is proposed. The simulation results confirm that, compared to the recent reported multi-stage displacement based receiver (MDR), the q-SC-NOMA scheme is capable of achieving obviously better performance, saving about 3dB mean signal power in 3-user scenario. Moreover, the q-SC-NOMA scheme can obtain the lower bit error rate (BER) than the non-spatial-coupled quantum NOMA (q-NOMA) approach with reduced computational complexity. In particular, the q-SC-NOMA also offers high robustness against many practical quantum domain imperfections, e.g. mode mismatch and dark counts, etc.
Quantum wireless communications (QWC) is gaining much attention for its incomparable advantages of secure key transmission in free-space scenarios. In this paper, a novel iterative multi-user quantum key distribution (MQKD) non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) system over Poisson atmospheric channels is proposed. Considering the atmospheric attenuation and quantum direct product operation, a MQKD parallel interference cancellation (PIC) approach is designed at the receiver. In particular, a quantum nonlinear Poisson shot noise limited sum-product interference cancellation algorithm is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is capable of mitigating the multi-user interference effectively, even considering the polarization mismatch. Quantitatively, for the 4-user scenario, it can achieve the classical Bit Error Rate (BER) of 3 x 10-6 at 2.5 km distance with polarization mismatch factor of 0.05. Moreover, the proposed NOMA-MQKD scheme can have obviously higher secure key rate than the conventional WDMA-MQKD approach.
Coherent states have been increasingly considered in optical quantum communications (OQCs).With the inherent non-orthogonality of coherent states, non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) naturally lends itself to the implementation of multi-user OQC. However, this remains unexplored in the literature. This paper proposes a novel successive interference cancellation (SIC)-based photon-number-resolving detection (PNRD)-Kennedy receiver for uplink NOMA-OQC systems, along with a new approach for power allocation of the coherent states emitted by users. The key idea is to rigorously derive the asymptotic sum-rate of the considered systems, taking into account the impact of atmospheric turbulence, background noise, and lossy photon channel. With the asymptotic sum-rate, we optimize the average number of photons (or powers) of the coherent states emitted by the users. Variable substitution and successive convex approximation (SCA) are employed to convexify and maximize the asymptotic sum-rate iteratively. A new coherent-state power allocation algorithm is developed for a small-to-medium number of users. We further develop its low-complexity variant using adaptive importance sampling, which is suitable for scenarios with a medium-to-large number of users. Simulations demonstrate that our algorithms significantly enhance the sum-rate of uplink NOMA-OQC systems using coherent states by over 20%, compared to their alternatives.
Coherent states have been increasingly considered in optical quantum communications (OQCs). With the inherent non-orthogonality of coherent states, non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) naturally lends itself to the implementation of multi-user OQC. However, this remains unexplored in the literature. This paper proposes a novel successive interference cancellation (SIC)-based Kennedy receiver for uplink NOMA-OQC systems, along with a new approach for power allocation of the coherent states emitted by users. The key idea is to rigorously derive the asymptotic sum-rate of the considered systems, taking into account the impact of atmospheric turbulence, background noise, and lossy photon channel. With the asymptotic sum-rate, we optimize the average number of photons (or powers) of the coherent states emitted by the users. Variable substitution and successive convex approximation (SCA) are employed to convexify and maximize the asymptotic sum-rate iteratively. A new coherent-state power allocation algorithm is developed for a small-to-medium number of users. We further develop its low-complexity variant using adaptive importance sampling, which is suitable for scenarios with a medium-to-large number of users. Simulations demonstrate that our algorithms significantly enhance the sum-rate of uplink NOMA-OQC systems using coherent states by over 20\%, compared to their alternatives.
Coherent state quantum communication is attracting extensive attention for its great value in terrestrial and satellite information networks. This paper proposes a new non-orthogonal quantum multi-user (MU) iterative detection scheme. At the receiving end, we develop a composite quantum receiver with multi-stage measurement instrument and soft iterative MU detector. Furthermore, based on a three-dimensional factor graph, a nonlinear Poisson-Gaussian noise limited coherent state iterative MU parallel interference cancellation (PIC) algorithm is derived. Our results demonstrate that this system can well support MU communication and achieve good performance. Quantitatively, for the 8 users scenario, the BER of10−610^{-6}10−6can be obtained when the photon number is 19. Further numerical results show that the system we designed exhibits superior robustness against imperfections (e.g., quantum mode mismatch and quantum thermal noise).
Quantum wireless communications (QWC) is emerging as a promising candidate for future terrestrial information networks. In this paper, over noisy quantum atmospheric turbulence channels, a new non-orthogonal coherentstate massive-MIMO uplink scheme is proposed. At the receiver, a composite quantum iterative multi-stage measuring instrument and MIMO detector is developed. In particular, a non-additive Poisson shot noise limited quantum iterative massive-MIMO interference cancellation algorithm is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is capable of obtaining the substantial spatial diversity gain in severely noisy quantum turbulence channels, while effectively mitigating the quantum multi-user (MU) interference. Quantitatively, for the 8 × 64 MIMO scenario, it can achieve the BER of 10-6 at -179.3dBJ per bit over a strong Gamma-Gamma turbulence fading channel (α = 2.1, βc = 2.4). Furthermore, the proposed scheme can provide significant performance improvements over a recent reported photon-counting MIMO receiver [18].
In this paper, we propose a novel multi-user access in wireless optical communication based on the quantum detection of the coherent state. In this case, the coherent states are used as the signal carrier and a technique of quantum detection is applied to distinguish between signals from different users. To accomplish this task, two main quantum measurement methods are introduced; one is minimum error discrimination (MED), and the other is unambiguous state discrimination (USD). The theoretical derivation implies that the two methods can both distinguish between the signals from different users efficiently when the average photon number is large enough. Typically, the numerical result shows that in the two-user case, the channel capacity will approach the theoretical maximum limit when the average photon number is greater than 2.5 for MED and 5 for USD in the absence of noise. The MED gains more channel capacity than the USD at the same average photon number. However, the USD wins the error-correction scene with its free-error capability. Furthermore, the detection error probability and channel capacity for the USD with the thermal noise are examined. The result shows that increasing the signal average photon number can continue the USD's advantage of error-free detection even if in the presence of thermal noise. In addition, compared with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), the bit error rate (BER) against signal-to-noise rate (SNR) performance of USD has been improved.