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Large cooperativity in strongly coupled chip-scale photonic-atomic integrated system

Alex Naiman, Yoel Sebbag, Eliran Talker, Yefim Barash, Liron Stern, Uriel Levy

Published Nov 16, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The miniaturization of atomic quantum systems and their integration into silicon microchips paves the way for a wide variety of applications in quantum computing, metrology and magnetometry. A particular interest is found in the integration of quantum entities into the micro and nanoscale photonic resonators to implement chip scale cavity quantum electrodynamics. Here we demonstrate the interaction of a chip scale micro disc resonator with thermal rubidium atoms via the evanescent field of the mode. We observe high Rabi splitting of 4 GHz in the transmission spectrum of the coupled photonic-atomic system due to collective enhancement of the coupling rate by the ensemble of hot atoms and present a theoretical model to support the measured results. This result corresponds to atom-photon cooperativity of ~ 1. Such cooperativity is the onset for quantum interference, needed for high-end chip scale quantum technologies, such as such as quantum manipulation, quantum information storage and processing, and few photon switching.

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-1056991/v1

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Strong coupling between atomic ensembles and high-quality optical cavities enables collective and nonlinear phenomena that are central to cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). Many experiments have been performed on this topic, with most of them focusing on cold atoms. Here, we experimentally demonstrate collective strong coupling between thermal rubidium vapor and high-quality silicon nitride microring resonators (MRRs) on an integrated photonic chip. We observe cavity-mode splitting, with a measured collective coupling strength of g N / 2 π ≈ 1 G Hz and a collective cooperativity of C N ≈ 2 at 110 ∘ C , indicating coherent energy exchange between the atomic ensemble and the cavity mode despite rapid decoherence in the thermal vapor system. We infer an average of 20 atoms effectively participating in the collective interaction, yielding a single-atom cooperativity of C 0 = 0.1 and approaching the single-atom strong-coupling regime. Our results establish the integrated thermal vapor MRR platform as a robust, compact, and scalable system for studying collective and nonlinear phenomena in cQED.
We present recent results aiming to construct single photon sources, detectors and gates using the integration of hot Rubidium atoms and microring resonators (MRRs). We demonstrate strong coupling between an ensemble of ≈53 atoms interacting with a high-Q (>4x10^5) cavity mode, with a many-atom coupling strength g/2pi≈1 GHz and cooperativity C≈3.6 achieved. A peak single-atom cooperativity C0≈0.4 is inferred; to achieve higher cooperativity, we have developed defect mode photonic crystal ring resonators with a 10x reduction in mode volume compared to the MRR while maintaining Q>10^5. Finally, we will discuss theoretical results that support single photon operations using these devices.
Strong atom-photon interactions on scalable photonic platforms hold significant potential for both atomic and photonic quantum information platforms. In particular, trapping of a single atom on a planar photonic integrated resonator at the subwavelength distances required for strong coupling to the guided modes has remained an outstanding challenge. Here we demonstrate efficient trapping of a single ultracold rubidium atom within the evanescent field of an integrated silicon-nitride microring resonator, at distances of 150-200 nm from the chip surface. Efficient, single-stroke loading process is achieved using an evanescent-field mechanism related to Sisyphus cooling, in which a single scattering event dissipates the atom's kinetic energy and transfers it into a near-surface trap. We observe logarithmic scaling of trapping durations spanning from sub-millisecond timescales up to 1 second, without continuous cooling. The trapped atom couples efficiently to the resonator, enabling on-chip photon collection, photon antibunching, and Purcell-enhanced spontaneous emission with single-atom cooperativity exceeding unity. Our results establish the potential of CMOS-compatible chip-based atom-photon interfaces for scalable quantum photonic circuits.
Strongly interacting atom–cavity systems within a network with many nodes constitute a possible realization for a quantum internet which allows for quantum communication and computation on the same platform. To implement such large-scale quantum networks, nanophotonic resonators are promising candidates because they can be scalably fabricated and interconnected with waveguides and optical fibers. By integrating arrays of ring resonators into a vapor cell we show that thermal rubidium atoms above room temperature can be coupled to photonic cavities as building blocks for chip-scale hybrid circuits. Although strong coupling is not yet achieved in this first realization, our approach provides a key step towards miniaturization and scalability of atom–cavity systems.
Strongly interacting atom-cavity systems within a network with many nodes constitute a possible realization for a quantum internet which allows for quantum communication and computation on the same platform. To implement such large-scale quantum networks, nanophotonic resonators are promising candidates because they can be scalably fabricated and interconnected with waveguides and optical fibers. By integrating arrays of ring resonators into a vapor cell we show that thermal rubidium atoms above room temperature can be coupled to photonic cavities as building blocks for chip-scale hybrid circuits. Although strong coupling is not yet achieved in this first realization, our approach provides a key step towards miniaturization and scalability of atom-cavity systems.
Strongly interacting atom–cavity systems within a network with many nodes constitute a possible realization for a quantum internet which allows for quantum communication and computation on the same platform. To implement such large-scale quantum networks, nanophotonic resonators are promising candidates because they can be scalably fabricated and interconnected with waveguides and optical fibers. By integrating arrays of ring resonators into a vapor cell we show that thermal rubidium atoms above room temperature can be coupled to photonic cavities as building blocks for chip-scale hybrid circuits. Although strong coupling is not yet achieved in this first realization, our approach provides a key step towards miniaturization and scalability of atom–cavity systems.