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Photonics

Envisioning Quantum Electrodynamic Frameworks Based on Bio-Photonic Cavities

Vincenzo Caligiuri, Francesca Leone, Ferdinanda Annesi, Alfredo Pane, Roberto Bartolino, Antonio De Luca

Published Oct 23, 2021• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A bio-photonic cavity quantum electrodynamic (C-QED) framework could be imagined as a system in which both the “cavity” and the “atom” participating in the light-matter interaction scenario are bio-inspired. Can a cavity be made of a bio-polymer? If so, how should such a cavity appear and what are the best polymers to fabricate it? Can a bioluminescent material stand the comparison with new-fashion semiconductors? In this review we answer these fundamental questions to pave the way toward an eco-friendly paradigm, in which the ever-increasing demand for more performing quantum photonics technologies meets the ever-increasing yet silent demand of our planet to reduce our environmental footprint.

DOI
10.3390/photonics8110470

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A bio-photonic cavity quantum electrodynamic (C-QED) framework could be imagined as a system in which both the “cavity” and the “atom” participating in the light-matter interaction scenario are bio-inspired. Can a cavity be made of a bio-polymer? If so, how should such a cavity appear and what are the best polymers to fabricate it? Can a bioluminescent material stand the comparison with new-fashion semiconductors? In this review we answer these fundamental questions to pave the way toward an eco-friendly paradigm, in which the ever-increasing demand for more performing quantum photonics technologies meets the ever-increasing yet silent demand of our planet to reduce our environmental footprint.
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Semiconductor quantum dots, also referred to as artificial atoms, provide a new paradigm for studying quantum optical phenomena. The effects of cavity-quantum electrodynamics (QED) can be investigated by use of a single quantum dot embedded in a photonic nanostructure. Since quantum dot location inside the cavity is fixed by growth, this system is free of the stringent trapping requirements that limit its atomic counterpart. Fabricating photonic nanostructures with ultrasmall cavity-mode volumes enhances the prospects for applications in quantum information processing.
A cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) system consisting of a confined single photon and a single quantum emitter serves as a fundamental block for quantum optics and photonic quantum technologies. The canonical optical mode employed in the conventional cavity quantum electrodynamics features a uniform polarization distribution, leading to the scalar light-matter interaction in most existing experiments. Despite the rapid progress in the generation of structured light with spatially varied polarizations, the structured light-matter interaction, especially at the single quanta level, is highly intriguing yet largely unexplored. Here, we present the structured light-matter interaction at the single-photon level in a semiconductor cavity quantum electrodynamics system. Four distinct structured cavity modes that are spectrally close to each other are constructed in a micropillar cavity. By spatially locating a single epitaxial quantum dot (QD) at the periphery of a semiconductor micropillar cavity and spectrally tuning the QD emission wavelength into the resonances of the structured cavity modes, cavity-enhanced single-photon emissions with spin-locked chiral orbital angular momentum (OAM) and engineerable spin-orbit entanglements are achieved within a single wavelength-scale device. Our work opens an unexplored paradigm of structured quantum light-matter interactions and may further advance chiral quantum optics and high-dimensional photonic quantum technology.
Combining optical cavities with trapped atomic ions is a powerful tool to investigate the interaction of light with matter on the most fundamental scale: a single atom with a single particle of light. Recent advances have not only demonstrated the emission of single photons, ion-photon entanglement and ion-ion entanglement but paved the way to use these systems in modern quantum technologies. Ion-cavity systems are now one of the most promising technologies for realising a scalable quantum computer and quantum networks. While the integration of optical cavities and ion traps is challenging, new techniques and technologies made it possible to demonstrate important building blocks for such systems.
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Progress in the fabrication of high quality optical cavities operating with semiconductor-based active media has promoted the semiconductor quantum optics. The materials interaction with coherent electromagnetic field is a subject of quantum electrodynamics (QED), a well developed science after discovery of lasers. Many of the QED areas incorporate atomic physics, classical electrodynamics, and quantum field theory. The chapter reviews basics of the Cavity QED (CQED) and several results in the field mostly related to the quantum dots. In optical version of CQED one drives the cavity with a laser and monitors changes in the cavity transmission resulting from coupling to atoms falling through the cavity. The high degree of coherence which could be achieved in modern CQED experiments makes them a basis for quantum control and quantum computing. Quantum technology show great potential for revolutionizing the methods for collecting and distributing information.