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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Cavity-enhanced frequency up-conversion in rubidium vapour

Rachel F. Offer, Johnathan W. C. Conway, Erling Riis, Sonja Franke‐Arnold, Aidan S. Arnold

Published Jun 1, 2017• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Atomic vapours are a versatile tool for studying a wide range of nonlinear phenomena. In particular, quasi-resonant atomic systems allow processes such as electromagnetically induced transparency, fast and slow light, lasing without inversion and four wave mixing (FWM) to be studied at low light intensities. The resonant enhancement of FWM in a rubidium vapour is such that it can be used for efficient frequency up-conversion of near-infrared light (780 and 776 nm) to blue light (420 nm) [1-4].

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2017.8087561

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Atomic vapours are a versatile tool for studying a wide range of nonlinear phenomena. In particular, quasi-resonant atomic systems allow processes such as electromagnetically induced transparency, fast and slow light, lasing without inversion and four wave mixing (FWM) to be studied at low light intensities. The resonant enhancement of FWM in a rubidium vapour is such that it can be used for efficient frequency up-conversion of near-infrared light (780 and 776 nm) to blue light (420 nm) [1-4].
Atomic vapours are an experimentally simple and efficient system in which to study nonlinear wave mixing. We study a four-wave mixing (FWM) process in rubidium vapour which efficiently converts 780 and 776 nm light to 420 nm and 5.2 μm fields. In particular, we quantitatively investigate the transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) between the FWM fields. OAM, and structured light more generally, is an important research tool for optical manipulation, imaging and communication. Phase-matched nonlinear processes are both longitudinally and transversely phase coherent, and therefore OAM, which is associated with spiral phase fronts, must be conserved between the pump and generated fields. This makes wave mixing an ideal tool for frequency conversion and generation of a variety of OAM states for use in both classical and quantum communication.
Frequency up- and down-conversion in warm alkali vapours over a range of applied cw laser intensities has received much attention in recent years due to promising applications in the fields of remote detection, quantum information and computing, specifically in the implementation of correlated photon pairs, photon storage and quantum memory interface to name a few. The generation of directional laser-like blue and infrared light in alkali vapours has been extensively studied. However, important details of the interplay of parametric and nonparametric nonlinear processes, such as the four-wave mixing (FWM) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) responsible for the new field generation, are not entirely clear.
We report the first use of a ring cavity to both enhance the output power and dramatically narrow the linewidth (<1 MHz) of blue light generated by four-wave mixing in a rubidium vapor cell. We find that the high output power available in our cavity-free system leads to power broadening of the generated blue light linewidth. Our ring cavity removes this limitation, allowing high output power and narrow linewidth to be achieved concurrently. As the cavity blue light is widely tunable over the Rb855S1/2F=3→6P3/2 transition, this narrow linewidth light would be suitable for near-resonant rubidium studies including, for example, second-stage laser cooling.
Efficient frequency conversion of photons has important applications in optical quantum technology because the frequency range suitable for photon manipulation and communication usually varies widely. Recently, an efficient frequency conversion system using a double- Λ four-wave mixing (FWM) process based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has attracted considerable attention because of its potential to achieve a nearly 100% conversion efficiency (CE). To obtain such a high CE, the spontaneous emission loss in this resonant-type FWM system must be suppressed considerably. A simple solution is to arrange the applied laser fields in a backward configuration. However, the phase mismatch due to this configuration can cause a significant decrease in CE. Here, we demonstrate that the phase mismatch can be effectively compensated by introducing the phase shift obtained by two-photon detuning. Under optimal conditions, we observe a wavelength conversion from 780 to 795 nm with a maximum CE of 91.2 % ± 0.6 % by using this backward FWM system at an optical depth of 130 in cold 87 Rb atoms. The current work represents an important step toward achieving low-loss, high-fidelity quantum frequency conversion based on EIT.