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Physical Review A

Resonant four-wave mixing with slow light

Hoonsoo Kang, Gessler Hernandez, Yifu Zhu

Published Dec 15, 2004• 83 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level atomic system suppresses the linear susceptibility and enhances the nonlinear susceptibilities, which leads to the resonantly enhanced slow-light four-wave mixing at low light intensities. We report an experimental observation of such resonant four-wave mixing in cold Rb atoms.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.70.061804

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Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a four-level atomic system suppresses linear absorption and leads to resonantly enhanced slow-light four-wave mixing at low light intensities. We analyse the backward four-wave mixing in the four-level system under the EIT conditions, derive the four-wave-mixing efficiency and discuss slow-light propagation conditions. We present experimental measurements of resonant four-wave mixing with the backward scheme in cold Rb atoms and compare the experimental results with the theoretical calculations.
We report an experimental observation of large Kerr nonlinearity with vanishing linear susceptibilities in coherently prepared four-level rubidium atoms. Quantum coherence and interference manifested by electromagnetically induced transparency suppress the linear susceptibilities and greatly enhance the nonlinear susceptibilities at low light intensities. The measured Kerr nonlinearity is comparable in magnitude to the linear dispersion in a simple two-level system and is several orders of magnitude greater than the Kerr nonlinearity of a conventional three-level scheme under similar conditions.
We analyze a four-wave-mixing (FWM) scheme in a five-level atomic system based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that EIT suppresses both two-photon and three-photon absorptions in the FWM scheme and enables the four-wave mixing to proceed through real, resonant intermediate states without absorption loss. The scheme results in a several orders of magnitude increase in the FWM efficiency in comparison with a recent scheme [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 143902 (2002)] and may be used for generating short-wavelength radiation at low pump intensities.
We observed electromagnetically induced transparency-based four-wave mixing (FWM) in the pulsed regime at low light levels. The FWM conversion efficiency of 3.8(9)3.8(9)%3.8(9) was observed in a four-level system of cold 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms using a driving laser pulse with a peak intensity of $\ensuremath{\approx}80$ $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, corresponding to an energy of $\ensuremath{\approx}60$ photons per atomic cross section. Comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions proposed by Harris and Hau [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4611 (1999)] showed good agreement. Additionally, a high conversion efficiency of 46(2)46(2)%46(2) was demonstrated when applying this scheme using a driving laser intensity of $\ensuremath{\approx}1.8$ mW/cm2\mathrm{mW}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}mW/cm2. According to our theoretical predictions, this FWM scheme can achieve a conversion efficiency of nearly 100100%100 when using a dense medium with an optical depth of 500.