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Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B

Geometric Quantum Description of the Ionospheric Delay of the Satellite Signals and Hidden Parameters of the Theory

Oleg A. Olkhov, D. V. Shestakov

Published Jul 1, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A quantum interpretation of the particle wave function as a microscopic distortion of the space-time geometry is proposed, i.e., a closed topological 4-manifold. This approach allows us to create a relativistic quantum theory to determine the temporal ionospheric delay in the propagation of satellite signals. In three-dimensional Euclidean space, the specified geometric object has the form of a topological defect with stochastic and wave-particle properties of a quantum system. All possible deformations (homeomorphisms) of a closed topological manifold play the role of hidden parameters responsible for the statistical character of the theory.

DOI
10.1134/s1990793121040060

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•Jan 1, 2018•0 citations
Abstract A quantum interpretation of the particle wave function as a microscopic distortion of the space-time geometry is proposed, i.e., a closed topological 4-manifold. This approach allows us to create a relativistic quantum theory to determine the temporal ionospheric delay in the propagation of satellite signals. In three-dimensional Euclidean space, the specified geometric object has the form of a topological defect with stochastic and wave-particle properties of a quantum system. All possible deformations (homeomorphisms) of a closed topological manifold play the role of hidden parameters responsible for the statistical character of the theory.
Interpretation of wave function for free particle is suggested as a description of microscopic distortion of the space-time geometry, namely, as some closed topological 4-manifold. Such geometrical object looks in three-dimensional Euclidean space as its topological defect having stochastic and wave-corpuscular properties of quantum particle. All possible deformations (homeomorphisms) of closed topological manifold play the role of “hidden variables”, responsible for statistical character of the theory.
Geometrical model for material Dirac wave field and for Maxwell electromagnetic field is suggested where above fields are considered as propagating regions of the space itself with distorted euclidean geometry. It is shown that equations for these fields can be considered as relations describing the space topological defects. These defects, being closed topological manifolds, are embedded in the outer five-dimensional space, and observable objects appear to be intersections of above defects with the physical space. This interpretation explains irrational properties of quantum objects such as wave-corpuscular duality, stochastic behavior, instantaneous nonlocal correlation in EPR-paradox, the light velocity invariance and so on. Wave-corpuscular properties arise as a result of the defect periodical movement in the outer space relative to its intersection with the physical space, and just this periodical movement attributes phase to the propagating object. Appearance of probabilities within the formalism is a consequence of uncertainty of the closed topological manifold shape, and ensemble of all possible shapes for the same object can be considered as an ensemble of hidden variables that leads to probabilistic description. Embedded in the outer space topological defects provide channels for nonlocal correlations between their intersections-- noninteracting particles in EPR-experiments, and this means that the proposed approach can be considered as a nonlocal model with hidden variables.
It is shown that the Dirac equation for free particle can be considered as a description of specific distortion of the space euclidean geometry (space topological defect). This approach is based on possibility of interpretation of the wave function as vector realizing representation of the fundamental group of the closed topological space-time 4-manifold. Mass and spin appear to be topological invariants. Such concept explains all so called “strange” properties of quantum formalism: probabilities, wave-particle duality, nonlocal instantaneous correlation between noninteracting particles (EPR-paradox) and so on. Acceptance of suggested geometrical concept means rejection of atomistic concept where all matter is considered as consisting of more and more small elementary particles. There is no any particles a priori, before measurement: the notions of particles appear as a result of classical interpretation of the contact of the region of the curved space with a device.
Geometrical model for quantum objects is suggested. It is shown that equations for free material Dirac field and for Maxwell electromagnetic field can be considered as relations describing propagation of the space topological defects. This interpretation explains irrational properties of quantum objects such as wave-corpuscular duality, stochastic behavior, instantaneous nonlocal correlation in EPR-paradox, the light velocity invariance and so on. It is shown also that Dirac equation for hydrogen atom can be also considered as relation describing the space topological defect. Electromagnetic potentials appears within this approach as connectivities of the defect universal covering space and gauge invariance of electromagnetic field happens to be a natural consequence of topological interpretation. Proposed approach can be also considered as a nonlocal model with hidden variables. Preliminary results were published by parts early, and here they are presented completely.
The hypothesis was earlier suggested by the author where all micro-objects are considered as specific distortions of the physical space-time pseudo-Euclidean geometry, namely, as closed topological 4-manifolds. The foundation of the hypothesis is a geometrical interpretation of the basic equation of quantum mechanics for classical (not quantized) wave fields -- the Dirac equation for free particle. Such hypothesis does not contradict to any physical laws and experimental facts and gives firstly an opportunity to explain qualitatively within classical notions (geometrical) the so called “paradoxical” properties of quantum particles such as wave-corpuscular duality, appearance of probabilities in the quantum mechanics formalism, spin, EPR-paradox.To demonstrate prospects for suggested geometrical approach the author early attempted to find new dynamic equations other than known quantum-mechanical ones for atomic spectra calculations. In this work above investigation is being continued on a more rigorous basis, representing a new geometrical interpretation of the equation for hydrogen atoms. Results of calculations of ionization potentials for helium atom are in agreement with experimental data.
In this work we discuss the topological transformation of quantum dynamics by showing the wave dynamics of a quantum particle on different types of topological structures in various dimensions from the fundamental polygons of the corresponding universal covering spaces. This is not the view from different perspectives of an observer who simply uses different coordinate systems to describe the same physical phenomenon but rather possible geometric and topological structures that quantum particles are endowed with when they are identified with differentiable manifolds that are embedded or immersed in Euclidean spaces of higher dimension. We present our discussions in the form of Bohr model in one, two and three dimensions using linear wave equations. In one dimension, the fundamental polygon is an interval and the universal covering space is the straight line and in this case the standing wave on a finite string is transformed into the standing wave on a circle which can be applied into the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. In two dimensions, the fundamental polygon is a square and the universal covering space is the plane and in this case the standing wave on the square is transformed into the standing wave on different surfaces that can be formed by gluing opposite sides of the square, which include a 2-sphere, a 2-torus, a Klein bottle and a projective plane. In three dimensions, the fundamental polygon is a cube and the universal covering space is the three-dimensional Euclidean space. It is shown that a 3-torus and the manifold K×S^1 defined as the product of a Klein bottle and a circle can be constructed by gluing opposite faces of a cube therefore in three-dimensions the standing wave on a cube is transformed into the standing wave on a 3-torus or on the manifold K×S^1. We also suggest that the mathematical degeneracy may play an important role in quantum dynamics and be associated with the concept of wavefunction collapse in quantum mechanics.