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URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium

Scattering of Quantum Light by a Perfectly Conducting Cylinder

Gregory Ya. Slepyan, Dmitri S. Mogilevtsev, Ilay Levie, Amir Boag

Published Aug 28, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider transformation of quantum states of electromagnetic field by scattering from a perfectly conducting cylinder with a circular cross-section. We introduce a quantization technique for the scattered field, and demonstrate how quantumness (in particular, entanglement) of field states is transferred to the scattered field. The obtained results may be useful for designing quantum antennas and for quantum-enhanced far-field sensing, i.e., quantum lidars/radars.

DOI
10.23919/ursigass51995.2021.9560366

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We consider transformation of quantum states of electromagnetic field by scattering from a perfectly conducting cylinder with a circular cross-section. We introduce a quantization technique for the scattered field, and demonstrate how quantumness (in particular, entanglement) of field states is transferred to the scattered field. The obtained results may be useful for designing quantum antennas and for quantum-enhanced far-field sensing, i.e., quantum lidars/radars.
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We propose a numerical technique for modeling quantum multimodal light scattering by a perfectly conducting body. Using the special quantization technique, we develop the quantum adaptation of the characteristic mode approach widely used in classical electrodynamics. The method is universal with respect to the body's configuration, as well as its dimensions relative to the wavelength. Using this method and calculating the first- and second-order field correlation functions, we demonstrate how scattering affects quantum-statistical features of the field. As an example, we consider the scattering of two single-photon incident Gaussian beams on a cylinder with a circular cross section. We show that the scattering is accompanied by two-photon interference and demonstrates the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. It is shown that the scattered two-photon field and its correlations manifest directive propagation, which is controllable by various means (angles of incidence, configuration of the body, relations between its dimensions and the wavelength). We expect that this method will be useful for designing quantum-optical devices.
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We consider the general concept of quantum field quantization in the nano-antenna modeled as an atomic chain. We show that the transformation of quantum near-field to the far-field is accompanied by the transformation of the quantum state of light. As a result, transmitting and receiving antennas cannot be considered separately, which has no analogs in classical antennas. Such behavior stems from the transmitting antenna quantum state destruction via the signal detection by the receiving antenna.
We study two-photon entangled states for quantum radar cross section (QRCS), which is an extension of a single-photon QRCS formula. Since signal-idler entanglement does not provide any enhancement of the QRCS [Brandsema's PhD Thesis (2017)], we focus on signal-signal entanglement and derive the corresponding biphoton QRCS. We show that it can provide an enhancement over the single-photon QRCS and two-photon separable QRCS, where the performance is evaluated for various two-dimensional target geometries in monostatic/bistatic configurations. Furthermore, using the double-Gaussian approximation, we derive QRCS formula for biphoton states with arbitrary degree of entanglement and compute the resulting scattering patterns.
Quantum remote sensing, also known as quantum detection and ranging (QUDAR), is the use of entangled photon states to detect targets at a stand-off distance. It inherently relies on sending many single photons through free space, bouncing off of a target and returning to the sensor. It is therefore necessary to understand how single photons interact and scatter from targets of macroscopic size. This article relates quantum and classical scattering in the far-field regime. Specifically, we show that due to the photon's position uncertainty, the path over which the photon traverses is not well defined, and this causes quantum interference. The result of this interference exactly replicates classical scattering behavior of electromagnetic waves. We will show that one can exactly derive the classical electric field scattering integral using a purely quantum construction. Although this article focuses on the context of QUDAR, it is very general to any application involving far-field electromagnetic scattering. Finally, we delve into the QUDAR multiphoton quantum scattering advantage shown in previous literature and further develop the theory. Specifically, we provide explanations as to why this advantage has not been observed in the classical regime, as well as provide insight as to the experimental requirements necessary to achieve this cross-section enhancement.