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Focus: Nobel Focus: Helium Impersonates a Superconductor

David Lindley

Published Oct 28, 2003• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Anthony Leggett’s complete theory for atomic pairing in a superfluid won him one third of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics.

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ChemPhysChem•Jun 17, 2002•26 citations
Bose-Einstein condensates of dilute gases offer a rich field to study fundamental quantum-mechanical processes, manipulation of the speed at which light propogates, observation of atomic pair-formation and superfluidity, or even simulating white dwarf stars. Still more radical applications are on the horizon. However, their initial creation was a masterpiece of experimental physics. After an initial process of laser cooling (which itself won its developers the 1997 Nobel Prize), atoms in a magnetic-optical trap must be safely transferred into a purely magnetic trap, where the condensation process begins at 170 nK and 20 nK a pure condensate of 2000 atoms could be created. More astonishingly, Wieman and Cornell showed these low temperatures could be achieved in "bench scale" equipment rather than the massive pieces normally demanded by cryoscience. For their 1995 discovery of this new state of matter, they were awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics.