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Physica Scripta

Electromagnetically induced grating using Rydberg atom in the vicinity of metal nanoparticle

Syeda Aliya Batool, Sobia Asghar, Sajid Qamar, Shahid Qamar

Published Oct 7, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We present a scheme to realize electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) in an ensemble of Rydberg atoms in the close vicinity of metal nanoparticle. The ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms acts as superatoms due to dipole blockade mechanism with each atom acts as a three-level cold Rydberg-dressed ( 87 Rb) atom following cascade configuration and exhibiting EIG. The response of EIG is influenced by the metal nanoparticle and depends on the distance between Rydberg atom and metal nanoparticle. It is noticed that the diffraction intensity is enhanced in the close vicinity of the metal nanoparticle. It is also noticed that for the optimized inter-particle distance, large diffraction intensity can be observed for small vdW shift as well as in the presence of large control field.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ac2d89

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Abstract We present a scheme to realize electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) in an ensemble of Rydberg atoms in the close vicinity of metal nanoparticle. The ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms acts as superatoms due to dipole blockade mechanism with each atom acts as a three-level cold Rydberg-dressed ( 87 Rb) atom following cascade configuration and exhibiting EIG. The response of EIG is influenced by the metal nanoparticle and depends on the distance between Rydberg atom and metal nanoparticle. It is noticed that the diffraction intensity is enhanced in the close vicinity of the metal nanoparticle. It is also noticed that for the optimized inter-particle distance, large diffraction intensity can be observed for small vdW shift as well as in the presence of large control field.
We present a scheme to realize electromagnetically induced grating in an ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms, which act as superatoms due to the dipole blockade mechanism. The ensemble of three-level cold Rydberg-dressed (87Rb)(^{87}\mathrm{Rb})(87Rb) atoms follows a cascade configuration where a strong standing-wave control field and a weak probe pulse are employed. The diffraction intensity is influenced by the strength of the probe intensity, the control field strength, and the van der Waals (vdW) interaction. It is noticed that relatively large first-order diffraction can be obtained for low-input intensity with a small vdW shift and a strong control field. The scheme can be considered as an amicable solution to realize the atomic grating at the microscopic level, which can provide background- and dark-current-free diffraction.
We propose a theoretical scheme for dipole exchange-induced grating (DEIG) based on a hybrid system consisting of ultra-cold Rubidium (87^{87}87Rb) atomic ensemble and movable Rydberg spin atoms. The optical response of the grating appears as a superposition of three- and four-level configurations, similar to the cooperative optical nonlinear effect caused by the dipole blockade effect. However, such Rydberg atomic grating uniquely responds to the spatial positions of spin atoms, offering a novel approach to dynamically control electromagnetically induced gratings (EIG) except for input probe intensity.
We propose a theoretical scheme for dipole exchange-induced grating (DEIG) based on a hybrid coherent atomic system. The system consists of an ultra-cold rubidium ( 87 Rb) atomic ensemble and movable Rydberg spin atoms. The optical response of the grating appears as a superposition of three- and four-level configurations, which is similar to the cooperative optical nonlinearity caused by the dipole blockade effect. The far-field diffraction properties of the cooperative optical nonlinear grating are tuned by the probe field (intensity and photon statistics). However, our Rydberg atomic grating uniquely responds to the spatial positions of spin atoms, which offers a novel approach to dynamically control electromagnetically induced gratings (EIG).
We investigate the realization and manipulation of a two-dimension (2D), asymmetric, electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) in a sample of Rydberg atoms exhibiting the van der Waals (vdW) interactions. The scheme relies on the application of a strong control field and a weak probe field, with the former periodically modulated in a 2D plane and the latter incident perpendicular to the 2D plane. We find that the probe field can be diffracted into an asymmetric intensity distribution depending on the relevant modulation parameters of the control field, as well as the density and length of the atomic sample. In particular, higher-order diffraction intensities can be enhanced in different ways as the vdW interaction, modulation strength, or sample length is increased. It is also of interest that the asymmetric diffraction distribution can be shifted to different quadrants by choosing appropriate modulation phases of the control field. These results may be used to develop new photonic devices with asymmetric diffraction properties required in future all-optical networks.
A method for diffracting the weak probe beam into unidirectional and higher-order directions is proposed via a Rydberg electromagnetically induced grating, providing a way for the implementations of quantum devices with cold Rydberg atoms. The proposed scheme utilizes a suitable position-dependent adjustment to the two-photon detuning besides the modulation of the standing-wave coupling field, producing an in-phase modulation which can change the parity of the dispersion. We observe that when the modulation amplitude is appropriate, a perfect unidirectional diffraction grating can be realized. In addition, due to the mutual effect between the van der Waals (vdW) interaction and the atom-field interaction length that deeply improves the dispersion of the medium, the probe energy can be counterintuitively transferred into higher-order diffractions as increasing the vdW interaction, leading to the realization of a controllable higher-order diffraction grating via a strong blockade.
Abstract Cavity electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is revisited via the input probe field intensity. A strongly interacting Rydberg atomic medium ensemble is considered in a cavity, where atoms behave as superatoms (SAs) under the dipole blockade mechanism. Each atom in the strongly interacting Rydberg atomic medium ( 87 Rb) follows a three-level cascade atomic configuration. A strong control and weak probe field are employed in the cavity with the ensemble of Rydberg atoms. The features of the reflected and transmitted probe light are studied under the influence of the input probe field intensity. A transparency peak (cavity EIT) is revealed at a resonance condition for small values of input probe field intensity. The manipulation of the cavity EIT is reported by tuning the strength of the input probe field intensity. Further, the phase and group delay of the transmitted and reflected probe light are studied. It is found that group delay and phase in the reflected light are negative, while for the transmitted light they are positive. The magnitude control of group delay in the transmitted and reflected light is investigated via the input probe field intensity.