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The Materials Research Society series

Trapped Ion Quantum Computing

Ray LaPierre

Published Jan 1, 2021• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In trapped ion quantum computing (TIQC), ions are created and trapped to form a qubit register. Ions can be suspended and trapped in free space using electromagnetic fields. The qubits, defined by the electronic states of the ions, are manipulated and read out using lasers.
DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-69318-3_21

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An array of trapped atomic ions that are laser cooled and isolated in an ultrahigh-vacuum environment presents one of the most advanced physical platforms for realizing a practical quantum computer. Small-scale ion quantum computers up to tens of ions have been built and achieved the highest fidelities on elementary quantum operations and overall quantum volume (QV). This article provides an overview of the elements of trapped-ion quantum computing (TIQC), current achievements in the field, and future perspectives.
An experimental realization of quantum computers is composed of two or more calcium ions trapped in a magnetic quadripole. Information is transferred to and read from the ions by means of structured lasers that interact with the ions’ vibration pattern, causing changes of energy distribution in their electronic structure. Departing from an initial state when the ions are cooled, the use of lasers modifies the internal state of one ion that is entangled with the others, then changing the collective states. In such quantum computers, some of the physically possible electronic states are avoided or not taken into consideration, to force the system to work as a binary device. In this essay, we discuss the dynamics that the ions could spontaneously display and its possible implications for the principles of computational logics.
An experimental realization of quantum computers is composed of two or more calcium ions trapped in a magnetic quadripole. Information is transferred to and read from the ions by means of structured lasers that interact with the ions’ vibration pattern, causing changes of energy distribution in their electronic structure. Departing from an initial state when the ions are cooled, the use of lasers modifies the internal state of one ion that is entangled with the others, then changing the collective states. In such quantum computers, some of the physically possible electronic states are avoided or not taken into consideration, to force the system to work as a binary device. In this essay, we discuss the dynamics that the ions could spontaneously display and its possible implications for the principles of computational logics.
Trapped atomic ions manipulated by laser beams is a leading candidate to construct scalable and practical quantum computers. Fully programmable quantum computers have been constructed using this technology, offering the highest performance quantum computing in commercial setting. Controlling atomic qubits with lasers is at the heart of constructing reliable trapped ion quantum computers. In this talk, I will discuss the stringent requirement for the optical systems required to build high performance trapped ion quantum computers, and prospect for constructing scalable systems in the future.