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Photonics for Quantum (PfQ)

Advanced Photonics Technology for Trapped Ion Quantum Computing

Jungsang Kim

Published Jul 16, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Trapped atomic ions manipulated by laser beams is a leading candidate to construct scalable and practical quantum computers. Fully programmable quantum computers have been constructed using this technology, offering the highest performance quantum computing in commercial setting. Controlling atomic qubits with lasers is at the heart of constructing reliable trapped ion quantum computers. In this talk, I will discuss the stringent requirement for the optical systems required to build high performance trapped ion quantum computers, and prospect for constructing scalable systems in the future.

DOI
10.1117/12.2603538

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Trapped atomic ions manipulated by laser beams is a leading candidate to construct scalable and practical quantum computers. Fully programmable quantum computers have been constructed using this technology, offering the highest performance quantum computing in commercial setting. Controlling atomic qubits with lasers is at the heart of constructing reliable trapped ion quantum computers. In this talk, I will discuss the stringent requirement for the optical systems required to build high performance trapped ion quantum computers, and prospect for constructing scalable systems in the future.
Atomic ions controlled by laser light are among the leading candidates for large scale quantum computing. However operational systems today require vast scaling to reach levels capable of useful computational tasks. The integration of light delivery will be an essential component of this for the trapped-ion approach. I will describe results in which the use of photonics integrated into ion trap chips has allowed us to perform high fidelity two-qubit gates, which are an essential building block for quantum computers. These systems have now been extended to the operation of multiple trap zones, and the creation of novel optical fields for ion trap control while a new generation of chips allowing integration of all required wavelengths as well as optimised light delivery offers further enhancements in performance and scaling.
Recent experimental progress in quantum information processing with trapped ions have demonstrated most of the fundamental elements required to realize a scalable quantum computer. The next set of challenges lie in realization of a large number of qubits and the means to prepare, manipulate and measure them, leading to error-protected qubits and fault tolerant architectures. The integration of qubits necessarily require integrated optical approach as most of these operations involve interaction with photons. In this paper, we discuss integrated optics technologies and concrete optical designs needed for the physical realization of scalable quantum computer.
All of the essential elements for a trapped ion quantum computer have been demonstrated in previous experiments. There are, however, many technical challenges to scaling the number of quantum bits from the current state-of-the-art (about 8) to the number of qubits needed for practical quantum computing. Although there is experimental evidence supporting one possible method (using cw laser pulses and common motional modes as the ion interaction) for deterministic ion entanglement, it is not known if that will ultimately be the most practical method for building a large-scale quantum computer. One model for scalable quantum computing with trapped ions calls for large interconnected arrays of small traps. Several advancements reported in this work include the development of three layer alumina traps as well as MEMS fabricated microtraps. Other models for scalable trapped ion quantum computing do not call for local entanglement or call for relaxed constraints on the motional control of the ions. These proposals require the use of ultrafast laser pulses interacting with the ions. This work reviews several experiments that explore the interaction between the ultrafast laser and single tripped ions including early indication of ultrafast control and entanglement between a single ion and a single photon frequency qubit.
The quest to engineer quantum computers of a useful scope faces many challenges that will require continued investigation of the physics underlying the devices. In this talk, I focus on trapped ion quantum computing. I discuss several recent advances my research group has contributed regarding optical control of Ba+ ions for quantum information processing, including multi-level qudit control and novel all-optical loading techniques, and provide a brief outlook on how photonic technologies can enable further progress in this field.