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Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology (ASIANCON)

Measurement-device-independent QSDC using multiple Swap Circuits

Baldeep Singh Dhillon, Manisha J. Nene

Published Aug 27, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) is a distinctive protocol of quantum communication. It transmits confidential message straight through a quantum channel without the requirement of a secret key and ciphertext. It is also helpful in preventing eavesdropper during transmission. In this article, during the detailed study about QSDC, challenges faced while implementing the mitigation techniques w.r.t possible threats available in practical QSDC, have been studied and demonstrated. From the experiments and results it is observed that practical QSDC has inherent challenges. In actual quantum communication systems, flaws in measurement devices could give rise to disclosure of secret information to Eve without even being noticed. Measurement-device-independent QSDC protocol has been proposed using more than one swapping circuit as a mitigation technique. The efficacy of proposed protocol is verified using quantum simulator and quantum machine in the ideal scenario as well as possible threat scenarios. The results demonstrate its potential over other protocols of quantum communication and contribution towards enabling secure communication.

DOI
10.1109/asiancon51346.2021.9544590

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Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) is a distinctive protocol of quantum communication. It transmits confidential message straight through a quantum channel without the requirement of a secret key and ciphertext. It is also helpful in preventing eavesdropper during transmission. In this article, during the detailed study about QSDC, challenges faced while implementing the mitigation techniques w.r.t possible threats available in practical QSDC, have been studied and demonstrated. From the experiments and results it is observed that practical QSDC has inherent challenges. In actual quantum communication systems, flaws in measurement devices could give rise to disclosure of secret information to Eve without even being noticed. Measurement-device-independent QSDC protocol has been proposed using more than one swapping circuit as a mitigation technique. The efficacy of proposed protocol is verified using quantum simulator and quantum machine in the ideal scenario as well as possible threat scenarios. The results demonstrate its potential over other protocols of quantum communication and contribution towards enabling secure communication.
Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) is a distinctive protocol of quantum communication. It communicates confidential message straight through a quantum channel without a requirement of secret key and cipher-text. It is not solely useful in preventing eavesdropping throughout transmission, but additionally removes the security flaw related with storing and managing the key. Therefore, this protocol of secure communication is different from its typical equivalents and other quantum protocols. In this article, we will bring out the facts that how QSDC is different and better than other protocols of Quantum Communication. The transient details of all the protocols of Quantum communication are studied rigorously and compared with QSDC to demonstrate how QSDC is capable of overcoming the loopholes/shortcomings of alternative protocols. In this paper, protocols of QSDC to mitigate the possible threats available in practical QSDC are discussed and one of the protocol Measurement Device Independent QSDC is demonstrated along with the efficacy of results verified using quantum simulator and quantum machine. The results demonstrate its potential over other protocols of quantum communication and contribution towards empowering secure communication. With the benefits of QSDC over other protocols, it helps as mitigating technique for the possible threats available in other protocols of Quantum communication.
Secure cryptographic protocols are indispensable for modern communication systems. It is realized through an encryption process in cryptography. In quantum cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a widely popular quantum communication scheme that enables two parties to establish a shared secret key that can be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. But security loopholes still exist in this cryptographic protocol, as an eavesdropper can in principle still intercept all the ciphertext to perform cryptanalysis and the key may get leaked to the eavesdropper, although it happens very rarely. However, there exists a more secure quantum cryptographic scheme known as Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) protocol that eliminates the necessity of key, encryption and ciphertext transmission. It is a unique quantum communication scheme where secret information is transmitted directly over a quantum communication channel. We make use of measurement-device-independent (MDI) protocol in this scheme where all the measurements of quantum states during communication are performed by a third party that can be untrusted or even an eavesdropper. This eliminates all loopholes in practical measurement devices. Here, we realize this MDI-QSDC protocol using Bell and GHZ states in the IBM Quantum Experience platform and implement swapping circuits for security check.
Three-party (3P) quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) enables two parties to directly transmit secure messages to the third party through quantum channels without keys. Previous 3P-QSDC protocols all require ideal measurement devices, which are difficult to realize under current experimental condition. For enhancing 3P-QSDC's security under practical imperfect measurement device condition, we propose the measurement-device-independent (MDI) 3P-QSDC protocol, which can resist all possible attacks from imperfect measurement devices. In this protocol, the parties construct the entanglement channel with the help of entanglement swapping. Our MDI-3P-QSDC protocol is unconditionally secure in theory. It has application potential in future quantum communication field.
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) enables direct message transmission over quantum channels. Loopholes involved in practical apparatus, particularly nonideal measurement devices, provide a potential interface for attacking practical quantum communication. Measurement-device–independent (MDI) QSDC protocols deal with all side-channel attacks on practical measurement devices and directly transmit secret messages over classical channels with both integrity and eavesdropper detection and prevention. We review the recent development of MDI QSDC protocols using both single photons and entangled photon pairs. These two types of MDI QSDC protocols are useful for their respective distinct characters and can be generalized to perform more interesting communication networks.
Device-Independent Quantum Secure Direct Communication (DI-QSDC) enhances quantum cryptography by enabling secure message transmission without relying on the trustworthiness of the devices involved. This approach mitigates risks associated with compromised or untrusted devices, common in traditional quantum communication. In this paper, we propose the first of its kind DI-QSDC protocol with user identity authentication. This ensures the authenticity of both the sender and receiver prior to message exchange. We then discuss the security of the proposed protocol against common attacks, demonstrating that no eavesdropper gains any information from either the quantum or the classical channel. Next, we implement the protocol on IBM’s quantum hardware and evaluate its performance in a realistic noisy environment. Additionally, by simulating common attack models, we showcase that the protocol is secure against any eavesdropper in the channel. These findings highlight the protocol’s robust security and practical feasibility for real-world secure quantum communication.
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) enables secure message transmission without needing pre-shared keys. To enhance the practical reliability of QSDC systems, measurement-device-independent (MDI) protocols have emerged, providing robust security in real-world applications. Despite the advantages of MDI protocols, their implementation has not yet accomplished communication using only single photons which are advantageous due to their ease of preparation and transmission. In this letter, by employing single photons, we propose a novel MDI-QSDC protocol with identity authentication. This protocol achieves mutual identity authentication between the communicating parties, Alice and Bob, enabling authenticated Alice to securely transmit her secret message directly to authenticated Bob. Theoretical analysis demonstrates the protocol is resilient to identity and message security threats. Simulations with practical experimental parameters and efficiency analysis highlight its potential in quantum communication.