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Optics Express

Phase-sensitive manipulation of squeezed vacuum via a dual-recycled Michelson interferometer

Wei Li, Yaohua Peng, Xudong Yu, Lirong Chen, Yaohui Zheng

Published Sep 30, 2021• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The injection of squeezed vacuum state is an indispensable technology for the next generation gravitational wave observatory, which will open up a much larger window to the universe. After analyzing the absorption and dispersion properties of the reflected field of the dual-recycled Michelson interferometer (DRMI), we propose the phase-sensitive manipulation scheme of squeezed vacuum by utilizing the coupled-resonator-induced transparency in a dual-recycled Michelson interferometer (DRMI). In this way, the rotation frequency of squeezing ellipse can be finely tuned by the coupling strength, which overcome the limitation of the current solution (with a fixed rotation frequency) that employs a Fabry-Perot optical cavity as phase-sensitive manipulation element. This work will unleash the potential applications for quantum metrology beyond the shot noise limit.

DOI
10.1364/oe.441139

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The injection of squeezed vacuum state is an indispensable technology for the next generation gravitational wave observatory, which will open up a much larger window to the universe. After analyzing the absorption and dispersion properties of the reflected field of the dual-recycled Michelson interferometer (DRMI), we propose the phase-sensitive manipulation scheme of squeezed vacuum by utilizing the coupled-resonator-induced transparency in a dual-recycled Michelson interferometer (DRMI). In this way, the rotation frequency of squeezing ellipse can be finely tuned by the coupling strength, which overcome the limitation of the current solution (with a fixed rotation frequency) that employs a Fabry-Perot optical cavity as phase-sensitive manipulation element. This work will unleash the potential applications for quantum metrology beyond the shot noise limit.
During the recent years an international network of interferometric gravitational wave (GW) detectors has been commissioned and searches for various classes of GWsignals are ongoing.Although the observatories are beginning to reach astrophysically interesting sensitivity levels, extensive upgrades are aimed for the next decade bringing us into the era of gravitational wave astronomy.One approach to enhance the detector sensitivity is the injection of squeezed vacuum states of light replacing the vacuum fluctuations entering the detector through its antisymmetric port.In this thesis the unprecedented generation of squeezed vacuum states with a noise power 6.5 dB below vacuum noise within the entire detection bandwidth of ground-based GW-detectors (10 Hz -10 kHz) was experimentally demonstrated at a wavelength of 1064 nm.For the first time a coherent control scheme was employed for comprehensive phase control of the experimental setup.This scheme is directly applicable to future GW-detector topologies.In addition, parasitic interference induced by scattered light was found to be a dominant noise source degrading squeezed states in the audio band.The compatibility of squeezed field injection into a detuned operated dual-recycled Michelson interferometer was demonstrated in a table top experiment.A detected non-classical sensitivity improvement of up to 3.0 dB within the entire detection bandwidth (5 -15 MHz) was accomplished by optimal preparation of the injected squeezing by means of a detuned locked filter cavity.In a further experiment strongly squeezed vacuum states were generated in the MHz-regime.With a maximum measured quantum noise reduction of 11.5 dB below the shot noise limit a new benchmark was set.This was achieved by suppression of phase noise and a remarkable reduction of optical loss in the experimental setup.Based on the squeezed light sources developed in this thesis and the experimental results achieved, a conceptual design of a compact squeezed light source was devised, allowing for a high duty cycle sensitivity improvement of GW-detectors.
We theoretically and experimentally study the effect of the coupled-resonator-induced transparency in the Michelson interferometer with the dual-recycled configuration, which is equivalent to the adjustable coupled resonator. The coupling strength, corresponding to the splitting of the reflection spectrum and associated with the width of the coupled-resonator-induced transparent window, can be controlled by adjusting the arm lengths, i.e., the relative phase of the interference arms on the 50:5050:5050:50 beam splitter. Thus, this tunability of the coupling strength can be very fast, and the absorptive and dispersive properties can be effectively controlled. This work provides an alternative system for coherent control and storage of an optical field.
Twin-Signal-Recycling (TSR) builds on the resonance doublet of two optically coupled cavities and efficiently enhances the sensitivity of an interferometer at a dedicated signal frequency. We report on what we believe to be the first experimental realization of a TSR Michelson interferometer and also its broadband enhancement by squeezed light injection. The complete setup was stably locked, and a broadband quantum noise reduction of the interferometers shot noise by a factor of up to 4 dB was demonstrated. The system was characterized by measuring its quantum noise spectra for several tunings of the TSR cavities. We found good agreement between the experimental results and numerical simulations.
Abstract Ground-based interferometric gravitational wave detectors are highly precise sensors for weak forces, limited in sensitivity across their detection band by quantum fluctuations of light. Current and future instruments address this limitation by injecting frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum into the detection port, utilizing narrow-band, low-loss optical cavities for optimal rotation of the squeezing ellipse at each signal frequency. This study introduces a novel scheme employing the principles of quantum teleportation and entangled states of light. It allows achieving broadband suppression of quantum noise in detuned signal recycled-Fabry-Perot--Michelson interferometers, which is the baseline design of the low-frequency detector within the Einstein Telescope xylophone detector, without requiring additional filter cavities or modifications to the core optics of the main interferometer.
We report on the experimental combination of three advanced interferometer techniques for gravitational wave detection, namely, power recycling, detuned signal recycling, and squeezed field injection. For the first time, we experimentally prove the compatibility of especially the latter two. To achieve a broadband nonclassical sensitivity improvement, we applied a filter cavity for compensation of quadrature rotation. The signal-to-noise ratio was improved by up to 2.8 dB beyond the coherent state's shot noise. The complete setup was stably locked for arbitrary times and characterized by injected single-sideband modulation fields.