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Russian Microelectronics

Schmidt Decomposition and Coherence of Interfering Alternatives

Dmitriy V. Fastovets, Yu. I. Bogdanov, Nadezhda A. Bogdanova, Vladimir F. Lukichev

Published Sep 1, 2021• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The Schmidt decomposition and the correlational analysis based on it make it possible to identify statistical dependences between various subsystems of a single physical system. The systems under consideration can be both quantum states and classical probability distributions. In this study, two different physical systems are considered: quantum Schrödinger cat states and double-slit interference of microparticles. It is shown that the considered systems have a single internal structure and can be described in general terms of interfering alternatives. An effective approach is developed that allows us to calculate optical characteristics of interference such as visibility and coherence. It is shown that the scalar product of the states of the environment of interfering alternatives acts as a natural generalization of the classical complex parameter of the coherence of light oscillations, which determines the visibility of the interference pattern. A simple quantitative relationship is obtained between the visibility of the interference pattern and the Schmidt number, which determines the level of connection between a quantum system and its environment. The developed approaches are generalized to the case of multidimensional Schrödinger cat states.

DOI
10.1134/s1063739721040065

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Abstract The Schmidt decomposition and the correlational analysis based on it make it possible to identify statistical dependences between various subsystems of a single physical system. The systems under consideration can be both quantum states and classical probability distributions. In this study, two different physical systems are considered: quantum Schrödinger cat states and double-slit interference of microparticles. It is shown that the considered systems have a single internal structure and can be described in general terms of interfering alternatives. An effective approach is developed that allows us to calculate optical characteristics of interference such as visibility and coherence. It is shown that the scalar product of the states of the environment of interfering alternatives acts as a natural generalization of the classical complex parameter of the coherence of light oscillations, which determines the visibility of the interference pattern. A simple quantitative relationship is obtained between the visibility of the interference pattern and the Schmidt number, which determines the level of connection between a quantum system and its environment. The developed approaches are generalized to the case of multidimensional Schrödinger cat states.
An approach has been proposed to calculate the coherence and interference characteristics of macroscopic quantum systems. A general method of the analysis of two-particle quantum systems based on the Schmidt decomposition has been presented to analyze quantum entanglement between the system and environment, as well as the coherence of interfering alternatives. Simple relations have been obtained between the coherence, interference visibility, and Schmidt number. The developed method has been applied to multimode quantum states of Schrödinger’s cat.
Quantum Schrodinger cat states are of great interest in quantum communications and quantum optics. These states are used in various scientific fields such as quantum computing, quantum error correction and high-precision measurements. The analysis of the Schrodinger cat states coherence is an important task for their complete practical application. Our developed approach makes it possible to estimate the coherence of the quantum Schrodinger cat state of arbitrary dimension, as well as to find the interference visibility of the state - an important optical characteristic. The obtained simple quantitative relationship between coherence and the Schmidt number, as well as the developed approach of reducing the multidimensional quantum cat state to a two-mode analog allow us to analyze macroscopic states formed by a large number of modes. Several explicit formulas for the reduced states that arise after measuring of some modes of the considered multimode system are obtained. The research results have significant application and can be used in the development of high-dimensional quantum information processing systems.
In present work we study informational measures for the problem of interference of quantum particles. We demonstrate that diffraction picture in the far field, which is given by probability density of particle momentum distribution, represents a mixture of probability densities of corresponding Schmidt modes, while the number of modes is equal to the number of slits at the screen. Also, for the first time we introduce informational measures to study the quality of interference picture and analyze the relation between visibility of interference picture and Schmidt number. Furthermore, we consider interference aspects of the problem of a quantum particle tunneling between two potential wells. This framework is applied to describing various isotopic modifications of ammonia molecule. Finally, we calculate limits on the maximum possible degree of entanglement between quantum system and its environment, which is imposed by measurements
The new correlation data analysis method based on the complements of classical probability distribution to quantum state and Schmidt decomposition is presented. It is shown that mathematical methods of quantum mechanics allow us to develop new effective tools for the analysis of statistical dependences and relationships. The presented formalism is the natural approach for the analysis of both classical and quantum correlations. Algorithms of the calculation of partial and multiple correlation coefficients using Schmidt numbers were studied. Numerical estimates of these correlation coefficients were calculated for different probability distributions and quantum states.
Quantum Schrodinger cat states are of great interest in quantum communications and quantum optics. These states are used in various scientific fields such as quantum computing, quantum error correction and high-precision measurements. The analysis of the Schrodinger cat states coherence is an important task for their complete practical application. Our developed approach makes it possible to estimate the coherence of the quantum Schrodinger cat state of arbitrary dimension, as well as to find the interference visibility of the state: an important optical characteristic. The obtained simple quantitative relationship between coherence and the Schmidt number, as well as the developed approach of reducing the multidimensional quantum cat state to a two-mode analog allow us to analyze macroscopic states formed by a large number of modes. Several explicit formulas for the reduced states that arise after measuring of some modes of the considered multimode system are obtained. The research results have significant application and can be used in the development of high-dimensional quantum information processing systems.
The Schmidt expansion method is used to consider the informational aspects of the problem concerned with monitoring the process of interference of quantum particles. The far-field diffraction pattern specified by the probability density of the distribution of the particle momentum is represented as a mixture of densities of the corresponding Schmidt modes, whose number coincides with the number of slits in the screen. The optical coherence is described on the basis of the procedure of complementation of the mixture to a pure state. Information characteristics are introduced to describe the quality of the interference pattern. The relationship between the visibility of the interference pattern and the Schmidt number is found and examined. Different “which-path” experiments are analyzed. The results of numerical simulation of interference at two and three slits for Rydberg atoms, whose path passes through resonators capable of providing data on the trajectory of the atom, are described.