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Russian Microelectronics

Schmidt decomposition and analysis of statistical correlations

Yu. I. Bogdanov, Nadezhda A. Bogdanova, Vladimir F. Lukichev, Dmitriy V. Fastovets, А.Ю. Чернявский

Published Sep 1, 2016• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The new correlation data analysis method based on the complements of classical probability distribution to quantum state and Schmidt decomposition is presented. It is shown that mathematical methods of quantum mechanics allow us to develop new effective tools for the analysis of statistical dependences and relationships. The presented formalism is the natural approach for the analysis of both classical and quantum correlations. Algorithms of the calculation of partial and multiple correlation coefficients using Schmidt numbers were studied. Numerical estimates of these correlation coefficients were calculated for different probability distributions and quantum states.

DOI
10.1134/s1063739716050036

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The new correlation data analysis method based on the complements of classical probability distribution to quantum state and Schmidt decomposition is presented. It is shown that mathematical methods of quantum mechanics allow us to develop new effective tools for the analysis of statistical dependences and relationships. The presented formalism is the natural approach for the analysis of both classical and quantum correlations. Algorithms of the calculation of partial and multiple correlation coefficients using Schmidt numbers were studied. Numerical estimates of these correlation coefficients were calculated for different probability distributions and quantum states.
The new method of multivariate data analysis based on the complements of classical probability distribution to quantum state and Schmidt decomposition is presented. We considered Schmidt formalism application to problems of statistical correlation analysis. Correlation of photons in the beam splitter output channels, when input photons statistics is given by compound Poisson distribution is examined. The developed formalism allows us to analyze multidimensional systems and we have obtained analytical formulas for Schmidt decomposition of multivariate Gaussian states. It is shown that mathematical tools of quantum mechanics can significantly improve the classical statistical analysis. The presented formalism is the natural approach for the analysis of both classical and quantum multivariate systems and can be applied in various tasks associated with research of dependences.
The purpose of this paper is to study entanglement of quantum states by means of Schmidt decomposition. The notion of Schmidt information which characterizes the non-randomness of correlations between two observers that conduct measurements of EPR-states is proposed. In two important particular cases - a finite number of Schmidt modes with equal probabilities and Gaussian correlations- Schmidt information is equal to Shannon information. A universal measure of a dependence of two variables is proposed. It is based on Schmidt number and it generalizes the classical Pearson correlation coefficient. It is demonstrated that the analytical model obtained can be applied to testing the numerical algorithm of Schmidt modes extraction. A thermodynamic interpretation of Schmidt information is given. It describes the level of entanglement and correlations of micro-system with its environment
The purpose of this paper is to study entanglement of quantum states by means of Schmidt decomposition. The notion of Schmidt information which characterizes the non-randomness of correlations between two observers that conduct measurements of EPR-states is proposed. In two important particular cases - a finite number of Schmidt modes with equal probabilities and Gaussian correlations- Schmidt information is equal to Shannon information. A universal measure of a dependence of two variables is proposed. It is based on Schmidt number and it generalizes the classical Pearson correlation coefficient. It is demonstrated that the analytical model obtained can be applied to testing the numerical algorithm of Schmidt modes extraction. A thermodynamic interpretation of Schmidt information is given. It describes the level of entanglement and correlations of micro-system with its environment
Abstract The Schmidt decomposition and the correlational analysis based on it make it possible to identify statistical dependences between various subsystems of a single physical system. The systems under consideration can be both quantum states and classical probability distributions. In this study, two different physical systems are considered: quantum Schrödinger cat states and double-slit interference of microparticles. It is shown that the considered systems have a single internal structure and can be described in general terms of interfering alternatives. An effective approach is developed that allows us to calculate optical characteristics of interference such as visibility and coherence. It is shown that the scalar product of the states of the environment of interfering alternatives acts as a natural generalization of the classical complex parameter of the coherence of light oscillations, which determines the visibility of the interference pattern. A simple quantitative relationship is obtained between the visibility of the interference pattern and the Schmidt number, which determines the level of connection between a quantum system and its environment. The developed approaches are generalized to the case of multidimensional Schrödinger cat states.
An approach has been proposed to calculate the coherence and interference characteristics of macroscopic quantum systems. A general method of the analysis of two-particle quantum systems based on the Schmidt decomposition has been presented to analyze quantum entanglement between the system and environment, as well as the coherence of interfering alternatives. Simple relations have been obtained between the coherence, interference visibility, and Schmidt number. The developed method has been applied to multimode quantum states of Schrödinger’s cat.
Quantum information theory is a rapidly growing area of math and physics that combines two independent theories, quantum mechanics and information theory. Quantum entanglement is a concept that was first proposed in the EPR paradox. In quantum mechanics, particles can be in superposition, meaning they are in multiple different states at once. It is not until the particle is measured that it is forced into a single state. However, it is possible that particles can be tied to other particles, meaning that the measurement of one particle will determine the measurement of the other particle. Entanglement is at the very core of quantum information theory. It is one of the core pieces that allows for the massive increase in computing power. For this paper, we decided to focus on demonstrating the mathematical method (the Schmidt decomposition) for determining if a system is entangled, and a demonstration of quantum entanglement's use (quantum teleportation) as well as a quick look at how to extend the uses of the Schmidt decomposition.