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Photonics for Quantum (PfQ)

Hybrid quantum systems composed of superconducting qubits, nanomechanics, and transmission line metamaterials

Matthew LaHaye

Published Aug 27, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Hybrid quantum interconnects and processor components are likely to play an important role in future scalable quantum communication and computation networks. In this talk, I will outline several nascent ideas for a new type of hybrid system, composed of mechanical elements, superconducting metamaterials, and superconducting qubits, which could be applicable to quantum transduction and memory functions. Before introducing these new ideas, I will start with a summary of recent incipient work at Syracuse that has inspired them. My summary will include a brief overview of efforts in the LaHaye group to investigate interactions between a superconducting transmon qubit and UHF nanomechanical element1; as well, I will highlight work conducted concomitantly and independently by the Plourde group to study the mode structure2 and cQED interactions of a superconducting metamaterial transmission line. The talk will then conclude with an overview of related ideas to utilize qubit-coupled nanoresonator architectures as platforms for quantum simulation.

DOI
10.1117/12.2609981

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Hybrid quantum interconnects and processor components are likely to play an important role in future scalable quantum communication and computation networks. In this talk, I will outline several nascent ideas for a new type of hybrid system, composed of mechanical elements, superconducting metamaterials, and superconducting qubits, which could be applicable to quantum transduction and memory functions. Before introducing these new ideas, I will start with a summary of recent incipient work at Syracuse that has inspired them. My summary will include a brief overview of efforts in the LaHaye group to investigate interactions between a superconducting transmon qubit and UHF nanomechanical element1; as well, I will highlight work conducted concomitantly and independently by the Plourde group to study the mode structure2 and cQED interactions of a superconducting metamaterial transmission line. The talk will then conclude with an overview of related ideas to utilize qubit-coupled nanoresonator architectures as platforms for quantum simulation.
Experiments to probe the basic quantum properties of motional degrees of freedom of mechanical systems have developed rapidly over the last decade. One promising approach is to use hybrid electromechanical systems incorporating superconducting qubits and microwave circuitry. However, a critical challenge facing the development of these systems is to achieve strong coupling between mechanics and qubits while simultaneously reducing coupling of both the qubit and mechanical mode to the environment. Here we report measurements of a qubit-coupled mechanical resonator system consisting of an ultra-high-frequency nanoresonator and a long coherence-time superconducting transmon qubit, embedded in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. It is demonstrated that the nanoresonator and transmon have commensurate energies and transmon coherence times are one order of magnitude larger than for all previously reported qubit-coupled nanoresonators. Moreover, we show that numerical simulations of this new hybrid quantum system are in good agreement with spectroscopic measurements and suggest that the nanoresonator in our device resides at low thermal occupation number, near its ground state, acting as a dissipative bath seen by the qubit. We also outline how this system could soon be developed as a platform for implementing more advanced experiments with direct relevance to quantum information processing and quantum thermodynamics, including the study of nanoresonator quantum noise properties, reservoir engineering, and nanomechanical quantum state generation and detection.
Superconducting qubits, realized by incorporating Josephson junctions into superconducting circuits, behave as artificial atoms with anharmonic energy spectra and can be precisely controlled and measured using microwave cavities within the framework of circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED). Since its emergence in the early 2000s, cQED has established superconducting qubits as leading candidates for scalable quantum devices and has enabled the exploration of hybrid quantum systems that integrate disparate physical platformsThis review surveys superconducting hybrid quantum electromechanical systems in which mechanical resonators are coupled to superconducting qubits, with a focus on two widely used qubit platforms: the transmon and the fluxonium. We provide an overview of the underlying coupling mechanisms arising from interactions through the phase and charge degrees of freedom of the qubit, and discuss how these mechanisms give rise to both longitudinal and transverse qubit-mechanical interactions. We further review extensions of electromechanical platforms to electro-optomechanical architectures, in which optical cavities are integrated to enable coherent interfacing between superconducting circuits and optical photons. This review aims to present a unified framework and perspective on qubit-mechanical and qubit-mechanical-optical hybrid systems in superconducting quantum technologies and applications related to sensors.
Hybrid quantum circuits combine two or more physical systems, with the goal of harnessing the advantages and strengths of the different systems in order to better explore new phenomena and potentially bring about novel quantum technologies. This article presents a brief overview of the progress achieved so far in the field of hybrid circuits involving atoms, spins, and solid-state devices (including superconducting and nanomechanical systems). How these circuits combine elements from atomic physics, quantum optics, condensed matter physics, and nanoscience is discussed, and different possible approaches for integrating various systems into a single circuit are presented. In particular, hybrid quantum circuits can be fabricated on a chip, facilitating their future scalability, which is crucial for building future quantum technologies, including quantum detectors, simulators, and computers.
Quantum metamaterials provide a promising potential test bed for probing the quantum-classical transition. We propose a feasible and scalable architecture for a solid-state quantum metamaterial. This consists of an ensemble of superconducting flux qubits inductively coupled to a superconducting transmission line. We make use of a quasi-classical model to study the transmission properties of the proposed architecture and we also discuss the possibilities for experimentation with this type of extended quantum system.
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Superconducting quantum metamaterials extend the idea of their classical counterpart to a regime where their constituent meta-atoms are quantum objects, which can hold their quantum coherence for longer than the propagation time of light through the medium. In this work, we have realized a quantum metamaterial consisting of eight individually controllable superconducting transmon qubits, which are coupled to the mode continuum of a one-dimensional coplanar waveguide. This system can be described within the framework of waveguide-quantum electrodynamics, which predicates that the mutual interaction of the qubits with the waveguide gives rise to long-range interactions of the qubits. In spectroscopic measurements we observe the formation of super- and subradiant collective metamaterial excitations, as well as the emergence of a polaritonic band gap and study their dependence on the number of participating resonant qubits. We utilize the collective Autler-Townes splitting of the metamaterial to demonstrate control over its band gap. Furthermore, we exploit the control over the band structure for a first realization of slowly propagating light in the metamaterial. Our findings show that superconducting quantum metamaterials are a suitable platform to study fundamental excitations in solids and pave way to applications in quantum information processing like quantum memories.