Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review Letters

Cavity Optomechanical Sensing and Manipulation of an Atomic Persistent Current

Pardeep Kumar, Tushar Biswas, Kristian Feliz, Rina Kanamoto, M.-S. Chang, Anand K. Jha, Mishkatul Bhattacharya

Published Sep 9, 2021• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This theoretical work initiates contact between two frontier disciplines of physics, namely, atomic superfluid rotation and cavity optomechanics. It considers an annular Bose-Einstein condensate, which exhibits dissipationless flow and is a paradigm of rotational quantum physics, inside a cavity excited by optical fields carrying orbital angular momentum. It provides the first platform that can sense ring Bose-Einstein condensate rotation with minimal destruction, in situ and in real time, unlike demonstrated techniques, all of which involve fully destructive measurement. It also shows how light can actively manipulate rotating matter waves by optomechanically entangling persistent currents. Our work opens up a novel and useful direction in the sensing and manipulation of atomic superflow.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.127.113601

Related papers

Cavity Optomechanical Sensing and Manipulation of an Atomic Persistent Current

Pardeep Kumar, Tushar Biswas, Kristian Feliz +4 more

We provide a first platform based on cavity optomechanics to characterize and manipulate the rotation of annularly-trapped atomic superfluids with minimal destruction, in situ and practically in real-time.

Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition•Jan 1, 2022•1 citation

Ring Bose-Einstein condensate in a cavity: Chirality detection and rotation sensing

N. Pradhan, Pardeep Kumar, Rina Kanamoto +3 more

Recently, a method has been proposed to detect the rotation of a ring Bose-Einstein condensate, , in real-time, and with minimal destruction by using a cavity driven with optical fields carrying orbital angular momentum []. This method is sensitive to the magnitude of the condensate winding number but not its sign. In the present work, we consider simulations of the rotation of the angular lattice formed by the optical fields and show that the resulting cavity transmission spectra are sensitive to the sign of the condensate winding number. We demonstrate the minimally destructive technique on persistent current rotational eigenstates, counter-rotating superpositions, and a soliton singly or in collision with a second soliton. Conversely, we also investigate the sensitivity of the ring condensate, given knowledge of its winding number, to the rotation of the optical lattice. This characterizes the effectiveness of the optomechanical configuration as a laboratory rotation sensor. Our results are important to studies of rotating ring condensates used in atomtronics, superfluid hydrodynamics, simulation of topological defects and cosmological theories, interferometry using matter-wave solitons, and optomechanical sensing. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

arXiv:2311.15226•Physical Review A•Feb 21, 2024•10 citations

Sensing atomic superfluid rotation beyond the standard quantum limit

Rahul Gupta, Pardeep Kumar, Rina Kanamoto +2 more

Atomic superfluids formed using Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in a ring trap are currently investigated in the context of superfluid hydrodynamics, quantum sensing, and matter-wave interferometry. The characterization of the rotational properties of such superfluids is important, but can presently only be performed by using optical absorption imaging, which completely destroys the condensate. Recent studies have proposed coupling the ring BEC to optical cavity modes carrying orbital angular momentum to make minimally destructive measurements of the condensate rotation. The sensitivity of these proposals, however, is bounded below by the standard quantum limit set by the combination of laser shot noise and radiation pressure noise. In this work we provide a theoretical framework that exploits the fact that the interaction between the scattered modes of the condensate and the light reduces to effective optomechanical equations of motion. We present a detailed theoretical analysis to demonstrate that the use of squeezed light and backaction evasion techniques allows the angular momentum of the condensate to be sensed with noise well below the standard quantum limit. Our proposal is relevant to atomtronics, quantum sensing, and quantum information.

arXiv:2402.19123•Physical Review A•Nov 18, 2024•1 citation

Pump-probe cavity optomechanics with a rotating atomic superfluid in a ring

Sampreet Kalita, Pardeep Kumar, Rina Kanamoto +2 more

Atomic superfluids confined in a ring provide a remarkable paradigm for quantized circulation. Very recently, a technique based on cavity optomechanics has been proposed [Kumar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 113601 (2021)] for sensing and manipulating the rotation of a bosonic ring condensate with minimal destruction, in situ and in real time. Here, we theoretically investigate other coherent interference effects that can be supported by the proposed configuration. Specifically, in the presence of a strong control beam, we analyze the influence of atomic rotation on the transmission spectrum of a weak probe laser through a cavity containing a ring condensate. We present a detailed study of the resulting narrow probe transmission profiles and group delay and show that they can be tuned by means of persistent currents. Our results explore a facet of rotating matter waves and are relevant to applications such as atomtronics, sensing, and information processing.

Physical Review A•Jan 26, 2023•5 citations

Cavity optomechanical detection of persistent currents and solitons in a bosonic ring condensate

N. Pradhan, Pardeep Kumar, Rina Kanamoto +3 more

We present numerical simulations of the cavity optomechanical detection of persistent currents and bright solitons in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a ring trap. This paper describes a technique that measures condensate rotation , in real time, and with minimal destruction, in contrast to currently used methods, all of which destroy the condensate completely. For weakly repulsive interatomic interactions, the analysis of persistent currents extends our previous few-mode treatment of the condensate [P. Kumar ] to a stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii simulation. For weakly attractive atomic interactions, we present the first analysis of optomechanical detection of matter-wave soliton motion. We provide optical cavity transmission spectra containing signatures of the condensate rotation, sensitivity as a function of the system response frequency, and atomic density profiles quantifying the effect of the measurement backaction on the condensate. We treat the atoms at a mean-field level and the optical field classically, account for damping and noise in both degrees of freedom, and investigate the linear as well as nonlinear response of the configuration. Our results are consequential for the characterization of rotating matter waves in studies of atomtronics, superfluid hydrodynamics, and matter-wave soliton interferometry. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

arXiv:2306.06720•Physical Review Research•Jan 26, 2024•11 citations

Hybrid rotational cavity optomechanics using an atomic superfluid in a ring

Sanket Das, Pardeep Kumar, Mishkatul Bhattacharya +1 more

We introduce a hybrid optomechanical system containing an annularly trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) inside an optical cavity driven by Lauguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes. Spiral phase elements serve as the end mirrors of the cavity such that the rear mirror oscillates torsionally about the cavity axis through a clamped support. As described earlier in a related system [P. Kumar , ], the condensate atoms interact with the optical cavity modes carrying orbital angular momentum which create two atomic side modes. We observe three peaks in the output noise spectrum corresponding to the atomic side modes and rotating mirror frequencies, respectively. We find that the trapped BEC's rotation reduces quantum fluctuations at the mirror's resonance frequency. We also find that the atomic side modes-cavity coupling and the optorotational coupling can produce bipartite and tripartite entanglements between various constituents of our hybrid system. We reduce the frequency difference between the side modes and the mirror by tuning the drive field's topological charge and the condensate atoms' rotation. When the atomic side modes become degenerate with the mirror, the stationary entanglement between the cavity and the mirror mode diminishes due to the suppression of cooling. Our proposal, which combines atomic superfluid circulation with mechanical rotation, provides a versatile platform for reducing quantum fluctuations and producing macroscopic entanglement with experimentally realizable parameters. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

arXiv:2407.01990•Physical Review A•Oct 16, 2024•3 citations
This theoretical work initiates contact between two frontier disciplines of physics, namely, atomic superfluid rotation and cavity optomechanics. It considers an annular Bose-Einstein condensate, which exhibits dissipationless flow and is a paradigm of rotational quantum physics, inside a cavity excited by optical fields carrying orbital angular momentum. It provides the first platform that can sense ring Bose-Einstein condensate rotation with minimal destruction, in situ and in real time, unlike demonstrated techniques, all of which involve fully destructive measurement. It also shows how light can actively manipulate rotating matter waves by optomechanically entangling persistent currents. Our work opens up a novel and useful direction in the sensing and manipulation of atomic superflow.
Recently, a method has been proposed to detect the rotation of a ring Bose-Einstein condensate, , in real-time, and with minimal destruction by using a cavity driven with optical fields carrying orbital angular momentum []. This method is sensitive to the magnitude of the condensate winding number but not its sign. In the present work, we consider simulations of the rotation of the angular lattice formed by the optical fields and show that the resulting cavity transmission spectra are sensitive to the sign of the condensate winding number. We demonstrate the minimally destructive technique on persistent current rotational eigenstates, counter-rotating superpositions, and a soliton singly or in collision with a second soliton. Conversely, we also investigate the sensitivity of the ring condensate, given knowledge of its winding number, to the rotation of the optical lattice. This characterizes the effectiveness of the optomechanical configuration as a laboratory rotation sensor. Our results are important to studies of rotating ring condensates used in atomtronics, superfluid hydrodynamics, simulation of topological defects and cosmological theories, interferometry using matter-wave solitons, and optomechanical sensing. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Atomic superfluids formed using Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in a ring trap are currently investigated in the context of superfluid hydrodynamics, quantum sensing, and matter-wave interferometry. The characterization of the rotational properties of such superfluids is important, but can presently only be performed by using optical absorption imaging, which completely destroys the condensate. Recent studies have proposed coupling the ring BEC to optical cavity modes carrying orbital angular momentum to make minimally destructive measurements of the condensate rotation. The sensitivity of these proposals, however, is bounded below by the standard quantum limit set by the combination of laser shot noise and radiation pressure noise. In this work we provide a theoretical framework that exploits the fact that the interaction between the scattered modes of the condensate and the light reduces to effective optomechanical equations of motion. We present a detailed theoretical analysis to demonstrate that the use of squeezed light and backaction evasion techniques allows the angular momentum of the condensate to be sensed with noise well below the standard quantum limit. Our proposal is relevant to atomtronics, quantum sensing, and quantum information.
Atomic superfluids confined in a ring provide a remarkable paradigm for quantized circulation. Very recently, a technique based on cavity optomechanics has been proposed [Kumar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 113601 (2021)] for sensing and manipulating the rotation of a bosonic ring condensate with minimal destruction, in situ and in real time. Here, we theoretically investigate other coherent interference effects that can be supported by the proposed configuration. Specifically, in the presence of a strong control beam, we analyze the influence of atomic rotation on the transmission spectrum of a weak probe laser through a cavity containing a ring condensate. We present a detailed study of the resulting narrow probe transmission profiles and group delay and show that they can be tuned by means of persistent currents. Our results explore a facet of rotating matter waves and are relevant to applications such as atomtronics, sensing, and information processing.
We present numerical simulations of the cavity optomechanical detection of persistent currents and bright solitons in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a ring trap. This paper describes a technique that measures condensate rotation , in real time, and with minimal destruction, in contrast to currently used methods, all of which destroy the condensate completely. For weakly repulsive interatomic interactions, the analysis of persistent currents extends our previous few-mode treatment of the condensate [P. Kumar ] to a stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii simulation. For weakly attractive atomic interactions, we present the first analysis of optomechanical detection of matter-wave soliton motion. We provide optical cavity transmission spectra containing signatures of the condensate rotation, sensitivity as a function of the system response frequency, and atomic density profiles quantifying the effect of the measurement backaction on the condensate. We treat the atoms at a mean-field level and the optical field classically, account for damping and noise in both degrees of freedom, and investigate the linear as well as nonlinear response of the configuration. Our results are consequential for the characterization of rotating matter waves in studies of atomtronics, superfluid hydrodynamics, and matter-wave soliton interferometry. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We introduce a hybrid optomechanical system containing an annularly trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) inside an optical cavity driven by Lauguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes. Spiral phase elements serve as the end mirrors of the cavity such that the rear mirror oscillates torsionally about the cavity axis through a clamped support. As described earlier in a related system [P. Kumar , ], the condensate atoms interact with the optical cavity modes carrying orbital angular momentum which create two atomic side modes. We observe three peaks in the output noise spectrum corresponding to the atomic side modes and rotating mirror frequencies, respectively. We find that the trapped BEC's rotation reduces quantum fluctuations at the mirror's resonance frequency. We also find that the atomic side modes-cavity coupling and the optorotational coupling can produce bipartite and tripartite entanglements between various constituents of our hybrid system. We reduce the frequency difference between the side modes and the mirror by tuning the drive field's topological charge and the condensate atoms' rotation. When the atomic side modes become degenerate with the mirror, the stationary entanglement between the cavity and the mirror mode diminishes due to the suppression of cooling. Our proposal, which combines atomic superfluid circulation with mechanical rotation, provides a versatile platform for reducing quantum fluctuations and producing macroscopic entanglement with experimentally realizable parameters. Published by the American Physical Society 2024