We describe an architecture for fault-tolerant universal quantum computation suited for donor qubits in silicon, coupled by photonic interconnects. The required quantum primitives are local measurements/unitaries, and a non-local Pauli measurement.
Abstract A comprehensive circuit architecture and a protocol for realizing 3D cluster states through photonic‐measurement‐based donor‐spin‐qubit entanglement and readout are described. The basic building blocks and protocol are chosen to be compatible with a fully integrated photonic circuit implementation, using Se+ as the photonically coupled matter qubit. The basic operational building blocks of this universal quantum computing machine are local measurements and unitaries, plus an entangling measurement of non‐local Pauli operators. By analyzing several sources of error, a theoretical fault‐tolerant threshold value is estimated on the order of 1%. Considering the literature where required components have already been realized in integrated silicon circuits, albeit not all on the same chip, this suggests the threshold is within reach.
Universal quantum computing holds the promise to fundamentally change today’s information-based society, yet a hardware platform that will provide a clear path to fault-tolerant quantum computing remains elusive. One recently proposed platform involves the use of circuit-bound photons to build cluster states and perform one-way measurement-based quantum computations on arrays of long-coherence-time solid-state spin qubits. Herein, we discuss the challenges that are faced during any practical implementation of this architecture by itemizing the key physical building blocks and the constraints imposed on the spin qubits and the photonic circuit components by the requirements of fault-tolerant performance. These considerations point to silicon as a leading candidate to host such a platform, and a roadmap for developing a silicon photonic circuit-based platform for measurement-based, fault-tolerant universal quantum computing is offered.
General purpose quantum computers will utilize millions of physical qubits, thus requiring an underlying qubit technology that can be manufactured at scale. Integrated silicon photonics is an intrinsically scalable and manufacturable platform where all necessary gates are available to manipulate qubits, encoded in photons, with very high fidelity and low noise. In this talk, we will discuss architectures for fault-tolerant quantum computing with photonics in the newly-introduced fusion-based quantum computing paradigm. Fusion-based quantum computing presents a new framework for fault-tolerant quantum computation, focused on the efficient integration of quantum error correction and physical-level hardware operations. Its primitives, small entangled resource states and projective entangling gates, make it particularly useful in an integrated photonics platform, offering significant architectural simplifications and reducing requirements on physical level operations.
We propose an architecture for quantum computing involving substitutional donors in photonic-crystal silicon cavities and the optical initialization, manipulation, and detection processes already demonstrated in ion traps and other atomic systems. Our scheme leads to easily achievable requirements on the positioning of the donors and considerably simplifies the implementation of the building blocks required for the operation of silicon-based quantum computing devices, including realization of one- and two-qubit gates, initialization, and readout of the qubits. Detailed consideration of the processes involved, using state-of-the-art values for the relevant parameters, indicates that this architecture leads to errors per gate compatible with fault-tolerant quantum computation and should be useful for quantum simulations and quantum optics applications.