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Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences

Entropic system in the relativistic Klein-Gordon Particle

C. A. Onate, M. C. Onyeaju

Published Aug 29, 2021• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The solutions of Kratzer potential plus Hellmann potential was obtained under the Klein-Gordon equation via the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The relativistic energy and its corresponding normalized wave functions were fully calculated. The theoretic quantities in terms of the entropic system under the relativistic Klein-Gordon equation (a spinless particle) for a Kratzer-Hellmann’s potential model were studied. The effects of a and b respectively (the parameters in the potential that determine the strength of the potential) on each of the entropy were fully examined. The maximum point of stability of a system under the three entropies was determined at the point of intersection between two formulated expressions plotted against a as one of the parameters in the potential. Finally, the popular Shannon entropy uncertainty relation known as Bialynick-Birula, Mycielski inequality was deduced by generating numerical results.

DOI
10.46481/jnsps.2021.209

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The solutions of Kratzer potential plus Hellmann potential was obtained under the Klein-Gordon equation via the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The relativistic energy and its corresponding normalized wave functions were fully calculated. The theoretic quantities in terms of the entropic system under the relativistic Klein-Gordon equation (a spinless particle) for a Kratzer-Hellmann’s potential model were studied. The effects of a and b respectively (the parameters in the potential that determine the strength of the potential) on each of the entropy were fully examined. The maximum point of stability of a system under the three entropies was determined at the point of intersection between two formulated expressions plotted against a as one of the parameters in the potential. Finally, the popular Shannon entropy uncertainty relation known as Bialynick-Birula, Mycielski inequality was deduced by generating numerical results.
The study of quantum information entropies is significant in quantum computation and signal analysis. Much research work has been carried out in quantum information entropies under nonrelativistic wave equation. However, not much research has been reported in evaluating quantum information entropies using relativistic wave equation. In this work, we evaluate Shannon information entropy in one-dimensional space with generalised Hulthen plus Coulomb potential (GHPCP) in Klein-Gordon equation using parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The numerical computations obtained both for position and momentum spaces as well as the Shannon sum obeys Bialynicki-Birula and Mycieslski (BBM) uncertainty inequality in order to ascertain the degree of accuracy of the analytical and numerical calculation. This research has relevance in atomic and molecular physics especially in localisation and delocalisation of electrons or particle in atomic orbitals.
Quantum information entropies have been properly studied within the confines of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics ( QM ) by solving Schrödinger wave equation for different considerable potential models to obtained the energy and total normalised wave function which are essential tools for determining various information entropies. However, not much research has been done on evaluation of information entropies within the relativistic quantum mechanics because of its complexities and existence of both multiple and quadratic eigenvalues for fixed quantum state ( n ) and orbital angular quantum number (ℓ)(\ell )(ℓ) . In this work, we investigate Fisher information and Shannon entropy in three dimensional space within the relativistic regime by solving Klein-Gordon ( KG ) equation for equal scalar and vector potential with Schioberg plus Yukawa potential ( SPYP ) using the Parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov ( PNU ) method and compare the results to its nonrelativistic counterpart. It is important to note that the numerical solutions for the three dimensional Fisher information and Shannon entropy obtained for both the relativistic and nonrelativistic wave equations using SPYP adequately satisfies Bialynicki-Birula and Mycieslski (BBM) uncertainty inequality. The radial wave function, radial probability density, momentum space wave function and momentum probability density graphical plots were all obtained for both cases respectively. The numerical computations for Fisher information and Shannon entropy in three dimensional space were carried out for ℓ=0\ell = 0ℓ=0 with different quantum states n=0n= 0n=0 and 1. The investigation of Fisher information and Shannon entropy are relevance in describing localisation and delocalisation mechanism of particles in atomic orbitals within a potential well, relativistic confinement effect and entropy-energy correlation.
The solutions to the Dirac equation are obtained in the spin and pseudospin symmetry limits are presented using the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov (pNU) method with the inversely quadratic Hellman (IQH) potential. In the exact non-relativistic spin symmetry limit, the energy and wave function of the IQH potential are obtained and used to investigate the Shannon information entropy of the system. Numerical results of the relativistic energies of the spin and pseudospin symmetry limits of the Dirac equation with the IQH potential are presented and observed to exhibit degeneracy. Also, the results of the Shannon entropy for six states (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) show that the momentum space wave function and probability density are better localized than the position space wave function. Also, the Bialynicki-Birula and Mycielski (BBM) inequality is verified for the system. Our results are found to be consistent with those previously reported in the literature.
In this research, the radial Schrödinger equation for a newly proposed screened Kratzer–Hellmann potential model was studied via the conventional Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The approximate bound state solution of the Schrödinger equation was obtained using the Greene–Aldrich approximation in addition to the normalized eigenfunction for the new potential model, both analytically and numerically. These results were employed to evaluate the rotational–vibrational partition function and other thermodynamic properties for the screened Kratzer–Hellmann potential. The results obtained have been graphically discussed. Also, the normalized eigenfunction has been used to calculate some information-theoretic measures including Shannon entropy and Fisher information for low-lying states in both position and momentum spaces numerically. The Shannon entropy results obtained agreed with the Bialynicki-Birula and Mycielski inequality, while the Fisher information results obtained agreed with the Stam, Cramér–Rao inequality. Also, alternating increasing and decreasing localization across the screening parameter for both eigenstates was observed.
A Schrödinger equation is solved for a cotangent hyperbolic potential using the elegant parametric Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The results obtained are used to calculate the Fisher information for position space and momentum space as well as the Shannon entropy for position space and momentum space at the ground state. The energies of the cotangent potential are observed to be fully bounded for different quantum states. The Fisher information satisfied the Fisher relation known as Cramer–Rao inequality for the Fisher product. Its result also obeyed the Heisenberg principle as its alternative for uncertainty measurement. However, the Shannon entropy only satisfied the Bialynick-Birula, Mycielski inequality for higher values of the screening parameter. Its relation to the Heisenberg principle failed as both the position space and the momentum space are parallel with high entropy squeezing. This potential has not been reported for any system to the best of our understanding.
In this paper, we studied, at first, the influence of the energy-dependent potentials on the one-dimensionless Klein–Gordon oscillator. Then, the Shannon entropy and Fisher information of this system are investigated. The position and momentum information entropies for the low-lying states n = 0, 1, 2 are calculated. Some interesting features of both Fisher and Shannon densities, as well as the probability densities, are demonstrated. Finally, the Stam, Cramer–Rao and Bialynicki–Birula–Mycielski (BBM) inequalities have been checked, and their comparison with the regarding results have been reported. We showed that the BBM inequality is still valid in the form [Formula: see text], as well as in ordinary quantum mechanics.