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Laser Physics

Transport properties of cold atoms in optical lattice

Cheng Xue, Shuyu Dai, B. Cui

Published Sep 7, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We investigated the transport properties of cold atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice under distance selective dissipation and external driving. We analyze how tunneling, on-site interaction, dissipation and external driving affect the transport of cold atoms. We used mean-field theory and the classical phase space method to explain the dynamics of the system. In order to analyze the transport effect of cold atoms, we calculate the relative density of atoms on each site and the standard deviation of relative density. The manipulation transport of cold atoms can be achieved through a step function like interaction in theory. In particular, we study the transport of cold atoms in the double-well with external driving. The steady states of the system are analytically derived.

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/ac20dc

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Abstract We investigated the transport properties of cold atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice under distance selective dissipation and external driving. We analyze how tunneling, on-site interaction, dissipation and external driving affect the transport of cold atoms. We used mean-field theory and the classical phase space method to explain the dynamics of the system. In order to analyze the transport effect of cold atoms, we calculate the relative density of atoms on each site and the standard deviation of relative density. The manipulation transport of cold atoms can be achieved through a step function like interaction in theory. In particular, we study the transport of cold atoms in the double-well with external driving. The steady states of the system are analytically derived.
Abstract We numerically investigate the quantum effects of cold atoms in a one-dimensional driven optical lattice in the presence of distance-selective dissipation and external driving. The combination of distance-selective dissipation, external driving, on-site interaction and tunneling dominates the system dynamics. The mean-field theory is used to approximate the system. In order to analyze the system dynamics, we calculate the relative density of atoms on each site and the standard deviation of relative density. Furthermore, the influence laws of environmental factors on the system dynamics are found out by the numerical simulation. Especially, we study the dissipative dynamics of the system under a time varying external driving. The results of the study are effectively applied to manipulate the distribution of cold atoms in an optical lattice and drive the system to the desired quantum state.
We analyze the dynamics of Bose–Einstein condensates in a one-dimensional driven optical lattice in the presence of distance-selective dissipation. The interplay of on-site interactions, tunneling, external driving and dissipation dominates the feature of the dynamics. Relative atomic density on each site in the lattice and the standard deviation of the relative density are calculated. The effect of the distance-selective dissipation and an external driving on the diffusion of the atoms is analyzed. As a simple example, a BEC in a double-well potential, is analyzed in detail, and the steady state is analytically derived.
The center of mass dynamics of cold atoms and the Bose-Einstein condensate in one dimensional optical lattice is considered both in the absence and in the presence of external forcing. We discuss three situations for matter waves: first, the cold atoms; second, sufficiently dilute condensate where the dynamics are governed by the single particle wave packet dynamics; third, strong interaction regime, where, inter-atomic interaction can no longer be ignored. The analytical formalism developed for the two regimes, namely, deep optical lattice and shallow optical lattice. Parametric dependencies of energy spectrum and classical period, revival time and super revival are explained for the two regimes. The dynamics of condensate in driven optical lattice crystal are analyzed by studying dynamical stability of the condensate. The stability is determined by the dispersion behavior of the condensate excited in driven optical lattice. The recurrence behavior of the condensate close to the nonlinear resonances is analyzed as a function of time for delicate recurrences which take place for instance when lattice is weakly perturbed and robust recurrences which may manifest themselves for sufficiently strong external driving force. The analysis is not only valid for dilute condensate but also applicable for strongly interacting homogeneous condensate provided, the external modulation causes no significant change in density profile of the condensate. We explain parametric dependence of the dynamical recurrence times which can easily be realized in laboratory experiments. In addition, we find a good agreement between the obtained analytical results and numerical calculations. The stability of condensate is also explored in driven optical lattice numerically.
We numerically investigate, using the time evolving block decimation algorithm, the quantum transport of ultracold bosonic atoms in a double-well optical lattice through slow and periodic modulation of the lattice parameters (intra- and inter-well tunneling, chemical potential, etc.). The transport of atoms does not depend on the rate of change of the parameters (as along as the change is slow) and can distribute atoms in optical lattices at the quantized level without involving external forces. The transport of atoms depends on the atom filling in each double well and the interaction between atoms. In the strongly interacting region, the bosonic atoms share the same transport properties as noninteracting fermions with quantized transport at the half filling and no atom transport at the integer filling. In the weakly interacting region, the number of the transported atoms is proportional to the atom filling. We show the signature of the quantum transport from the momentum distribution of atoms that can be measured in the time-of-flight image. A semiclassical transport model is developed to explain the numerically observed transport of bosonic atoms in the noninteracting and strongly interacting limits. The scheme may serve as an quantized battery for atomtronics applications.
Cold atoms, loaded into an optical lattice with double-well sites, are considered. Pseudospin representation for an effective Hamiltonian is derived. The system in equilibrium displays two phases, ordered and disordered. The second-order phase transition between the phases can be driven either by temperature or by changing the system parameters. Collective pseudospin excitations have a gap disappearing at the phase-transition point. Dynamics of atoms is studied when they are loaded into the lattice in an initially nonequilibrium state. It is shown that the temporal evolution of atoms, contrary to their equilibrium thermodynamics, cannot be described in the mean-field approximation, since it results in a structurally unstable dynamical system, but a more accurate description is necessary taking into account attenuation effects.
We propose a new method to control the directed quantum transport of ultracold atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. In this proposal, the effective tunneling between the neighboring sites can be adjusted via coherent destruction of tunneling by tuning the phase of the external field, instead of using the driving field intensity or the frequency, thus the directed quantum transport of ultracold atoms can be coherently controlled in a much easier manner. Our proposal overcomes the major drawback of the method used by Creffield et al. [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (2007) 110501 ], and can be implemented, in principle, in any one-dimensional optical lattice. Some potential applications of the scheme are also discussed.