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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Non-Local Control of Light Dissipation with Pancharatnam-Berry Phase

Ruixiang Guo, Anton N. Vetlugin, Cesare Soci, Nikolay I. Zheludev

Published Jun 21, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase is acquired by the light during a cyclic evolution on the Poincare sphere. The PB phase plays a crucial role in light interference phenomena and was exploited to demonstrate wavefront shaping, light deflection and focusing lens applications [1] . Here, we experimentally demonstrate for the first time that by applying PB phase to one of the photons from the entangled pair, the dissipation experienced by the second remotely located photon can be switched on and off.

DOI
10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec52157.2021.9542678

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Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase is acquired by the light during a cyclic evolution on the Poincare sphere. The PB phase plays a crucial role in light interference phenomena and was exploited to demonstrate wavefront shaping, light deflection and focusing lens applications [1] . Here, we experimentally demonstrate for the first time that by applying PB phase to one of the photons from the entangled pair, the dissipation experienced by the second remotely located photon can be switched on and off.
Phase memory is an effect in which the interaction between a coherent pump beam and a nonlinear crystal generates photon pairs via the spontaneous parametric down-conversion process, then the down-converted photons (signal and idler) can carry the phase information of the pump beam. There has been much research on the memory of the dynamic phase so far; however, there is no report on the memory of non-dynamic phase, to the best of our knowledge. Here we acquire a Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) geometric phase in a physical system when light travels along a trajectory in polarization-state space. Induced coherence occurs in a cascaded scheme composed of two nonlinear crystals, when the idler photons in both crystals are aligned to be indistinguishable. A NOON (N  =  2N\; = \;{2}N=2N=2) state is established when blocking the two idler photons. We explore the PB geometric phase memory of the NOON state and induced coherence. We find that the first-order interference of the two-photon state or signal photons can be controlled by introducing the PB geometric phase to the pump light. This may facilitate precise control of the phase of the down-converted photons.
The geometric phase was first anticipated 1956 by Pancharatnam, in the context of polarised light. Much later, in 1984, Berry made an analogue discovery, but this time in the context of quantum mechanics. It turns our that the geometric phase, or Berry's phase, or the Pancharatnam phase, is a very general phenomenon. It is a phase shift that can be acquired by a system, when it has undergone a adiabatic process, bringing it back to its original initial conditions. If the parameter space of the involved Hamiltonian is curved, the final condition may involve a phase change. This effect has been demonstrated in a range of different interferometry experiments. Although the Pancharatnam phase has been seen, this has always been in studies involving the first order correlation, g(1), this is in the intereferogramm of two or more wave amplitudes. Here, we demonstrate experimental proofs of the effect of the Pancharatnam phase in intensity interferometry, or in other words, where the second order correlation factor g(2) is the relevant description of the interference.
Abstract The geometric phase for classical electromagnetic light beams, in its original formulation as introduced by Pancharatnam, concerns fields experiencing cyclic, discrete in-phase polarization-state changes. A similar phase was later recognized by Berry to govern the behavior of adiabatic quantum systems, with consequent extensions to nonadiabatic and noncyclic evolutions of the quantum state. However, no optical counterpart for the noncyclic, adiabatic (continuous) evolution has been demonstrated. Here we employ a modified Young’s two-pinhole setup with controlled pinhole polarizations and intensities to generate on interference an arbitrary continuous spatial evolution of the polarization state, an optical analogue to the adiabatic case. The customized arrangement allows separating at any point the accumulated dynamical and geometric phases from the total phase, enabling a detailed study of the noncyclic Pancharatnam–Berry phase in a continuous transformation. Our theoretical and experimental results are in excellent agreement and consistent with the geodesic rule for noncyclic evolutions.
Young’s dual-pinhole interference experiment with arbitrary fully correlated and polarized vector light fields leads to a Pancharatnam–Berry geometric phase that is related to the associated dynamical phase. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally how the dynamical phase across the interference pattern can be deciphered from the total phase, thereby leaving only the geometric phase. Our results constitute the first genuine interferometric phase measurements that yield the Pancharatnam–Berry geometric phase in Young’s two-beam interference setup.