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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Widefield Super-sensitive Phase Imaging Using N00N State Illumination

Robin Camphausen, Álvaro Cuevas, Valerio Pruneri

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a widefield quantum polarised light microscope, illuminating with a NOON state (N=2) and imaging using a SPAD array camera. Compared to classical imaging we show that sensitivity improves by a factor of 1.31.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2021.atu2s.4

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A quantum polarized light microscope using entangled NOON states with N=2 and N=3 is shown to provide phase supersensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit. We constructed such a microscope and imaged birefringent objects at a very low light level of 50 photons per pixel, where shot noise seriously hampers classical imaging. The NOON light source is formed by combining a coherent state with parametric down-converted light. We were able to show improved phase images with sensitivity close to the Heisenberg limit.
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Polarized light microscopy using path-entangled NNN-photon states (i.e., the N00N states) has been demonstrated to surpass the shot-noise limit at very low light illumination. However, the microscopy images suffer from divergence of phase sensitivity, which inevitably reduces the image quality. Here we show that due to experimental imperfections, such a singularity also takes place in the microscopy that uses twin-Fock states of light for illumination. We propose two schemes to completely eliminate this singularity: (i) locking the phase shift sensed by the beams at the optimal working point using a spatially dependent offset phase; (ii) a combination of two binary-outcome photon counting measurements, one with a fixed offset phase and the other without any offset phase. Our observations remain valid for any kind of binary-outcome measurement and may open the way for quantum-enhanced microscopy with high NNN photon states.