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Modern Physics Letters B

Multi-party quantum secret sharing based on logical GHZ-type states against collective noise

Yi Xiang, Liang Bao Tang, Ming-Qiang Bai, Zhiwen Mo

Published Aug 16, 2021• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we discussed the local preparation methods of two types of multi-qubit logical GHZ-type states using controlled quantum gates, and drew the corresponding quantum circuits. Subsequently, we investigated the measurement-related properties of logical GHZ-type state and thus proposed two multi-party quantum secret sharing schemes against collective-dephasing and collective-rotation noise, respectively. Further, we demonstrated that the schemes can effectively resist some familiar attack strategies. Finally, we analyzed the quantum efficiency of our schemes and made a comprehensive comparison with previous similar schemes.

DOI
10.1142/s0217984921504364

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In this paper, we discussed the local preparation methods of two types of multi-qubit logical GHZ-type states using controlled quantum gates, and drew the corresponding quantum circuits. Subsequently, we investigated the measurement-related properties of logical GHZ-type state and thus proposed two multi-party quantum secret sharing schemes against collective-dephasing and collective-rotation noise, respectively. Further, we demonstrated that the schemes can effectively resist some familiar attack strategies. Finally, we analyzed the quantum efficiency of our schemes and made a comprehensive comparison with previous similar schemes.
In this paper, we propose an efficient multi-party quantum secret sharing scheme based on GHZ entangled state. The participants in this scheme are divided into two groups, and share secrets as a group. There is no need to exchange any measurement information between the two groups, reducing the security problems caused by the communication process. Each participant holds one particle from each GHZ state; it can be found that the particles of each GHZ state are related after measuring them, and the eavesdropping detection can detect external attacks based on this characteristic. Furthermore, since the participants within the two groups encode the measured particles, they can recover the same secrets. Security analysis shows that the protocol can resist the intercept-and-resend attack and entanglement measurement attack, and the simulation results show that the probability of an external attacker being detected is proportional to the amount of information he can obtain. Compared with the existing protocols, this proposed protocol is more secure, has less quantum resources and is more practical.
Based on the logic Bell states, we present two novel multi-party quantum key agreement (QKA) protocols under collective noise. The proposed protocols make full use of four-qubit logic Bell states as quantum resources and perform the novel encoding operation to generate the shared key. The security analysis shows that these two protocols can resist against both participant and outsider attacks. Furthermore, compared with the other existing multi-party QKA protocols over collective noise, our protocols have higher qubit efficiency. Finally, we perform the simulation of the relationship between efficiency and security, which is completely consistent with the conclusion of the security analysis of the protocols.
In this paper, two robust quantum dialogue (QD) protocols against collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise are proposed, respectively, by virtue of logical qubits and controlled-not (CNOT) operations. The party in charge of preparation produces logical qubits as travelling states to combat collective noise. The other party knows the initial prepared states of logical qubits with resort to the CNOT operations, and decodes out the preparation party's secret messages with the help of a classical information string sent from the preparation party. The preparation party reads out the other party's secret messages by virtue of quantum secure direct communication. In this way, the risk of information leakage is effectively avoided. Throughout the proposed protocols, only the single-photon measurements are needed for quantum measurements. Compared with previous antinoise QD protocols, the proposed protocols have the highest information-theoretical efficiency. Compared with the recent QD protocols designed by the author which need to prepare two adjacent logical qubits in the same quantum state, the proposed protocols are more experimentally feasible, as they do not have this special requirement.
Based on logical GHZ states and logical Bell states, two robust quantum key agreement protocols are proposed, which can be immune to the collective-dephasing noise and the collective-rotation noise, respectively. The delayed measurement technique ensures that two participants can fairly negotiate a shared key and any one of them cannot successfully perform the participant attacks. The two protocols are congenitally free from the Trojan horse attacks and they can resist against other outsider attacks with the help of the decoy state technology. Moreover, they have no information leakage problem and achieve high qubit efficiency.
In this paper, two robust quantum dialogue (QD) protocols against collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise are presented, respectively. In each of the proposed QD protocols, four logical Bell states, each of which is made up of four physical qubits, are used to combat collective noise. The information leakage problem is overcome by directly transmitting the auxiliary logical Bell states in two steps from one communication party to the other. For decoding, Bell state measurements rather than four-qubit joint measurements are used. The effectiveness against an eavesdropper's active attacks such as the intercept-resend attack, the measure-resend attack, the entangle-measure attack and the Trojan horse attack can be guaranteed.
Abstract Semi-quantum secret sharing facilitates the sharing of private data between quantum users and ‘classical’ users with limited quantum capabilities, thereby lowering the barrier to utilizing quantum technology. However, most current semi-quantum secret sharing protocols are confined to ideal environments and two-party scenarios. In this paper, we design two collective noise-resistant multi-party semi-quantum secret sharing protocols based on decoherence-free states to address potential noise interference during transmission. These protocols use decoherence-free states as information carriers for data interaction and exhibit strong resilience to both internal and external threats. We also conduct simulation experiments using IBM Qiskit to verify the stability and feasibility of the protocols in the noisy environments. The results of these experiments underscore the robustness of the protocols, particularly in the presence of collective noise. Compared with previous related protocols, our protocols have advantages in noise resistance and applicability to multi-party scenarios. Therefore, the proposed protocols may be more in line with the secret sharing needs of actual environments.