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Zhongguo kexue. Wulixue Lixue Tianwenxue

Robust quantum dialogue based on a shared auxiliary logical Bell state against collective noise

Tian-Yu Ye

Published Mar 1, 2015• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, two robust quantum dialogue (QD) protocols against collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise are presented, respectively. In each of the proposed QD protocols, four logical Bell states, each of which is made up of four physical qubits, are used to combat collective noise. The information leakage problem is overcome by directly transmitting the auxiliary logical Bell states in two steps from one communication party to the other. For decoding, Bell state measurements rather than four-qubit joint measurements are used. The effectiveness against an eavesdropper's active attacks such as the intercept-resend attack, the measure-resend attack, the entangle-measure attack and the Trojan horse attack can be guaranteed.

DOI
10.1360/sspma2014-00289

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In this paper, two robust quantum dialogue (QD) protocols against collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise are presented, respectively. In each of the proposed QD protocols, four logical Bell states, each of which is made up of four physical qubits, are used to combat collective noise. The information leakage problem is overcome by directly transmitting the auxiliary logical Bell states in two steps from one communication party to the other. For decoding, Bell state measurements rather than four-qubit joint measurements are used. The effectiveness against an eavesdropper's active attacks such as the intercept-resend attack, the measure-resend attack, the entangle-measure attack and the Trojan horse attack can be guaranteed.
At present, the anti-noise property and the information leakage resistant property are two great concerns for quantum dialogue(QD). In this paper, two anti-noise QD protocols without information leakage are presented by using the entanglement swapping technology for two logical Bell states. One works well over a collective-dephasing noise channel, while the other takes effect over a collective-rotation noise channel. The negative influence of noise is erased by using logical Bell states as the traveling quantum states. The problem of information leakage is avoided by swapping entanglement between two logical Bell states. In addition, only Bell state measurements are used for decoding, rather than four-qubit joint measurements.
In this paper, two robust quantum dialogue (QD) protocols against collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise are proposed, respectively, by virtue of logical qubits and controlled-not (CNOT) operations. The party in charge of preparation produces logical qubits as travelling states to combat collective noise. The other party knows the initial prepared states of logical qubits with resort to the CNOT operations, and decodes out the preparation party's secret messages with the help of a classical information string sent from the preparation party. The preparation party reads out the other party's secret messages by virtue of quantum secure direct communication. In this way, the risk of information leakage is effectively avoided. Throughout the proposed protocols, only the single-photon measurements are needed for quantum measurements. Compared with previous antinoise QD protocols, the proposed protocols have the highest information-theoretical efficiency. Compared with the recent QD protocols designed by the author which need to prepare two adjacent logical qubits in the same quantum state, the proposed protocols are more experimentally feasible, as they do not have this special requirement.
Abstract At present, the anti-noise property and the information leakage resistant property are two great concerns for quantum dialogue (QD). In this paper, two anti-noise QD protocols without information leakage are presented by using the entanglement swapping technology for two logical Bell states. One works well over a collective-dephasing noise channel, while the other takes effect over a collective-rotation noise channel. The negative influence of noise is erased by using logical Bell states as the traveling quantum states. The problem of information leakage is avoided by swapping entanglement between two logical Bell states. In addition, only Bell state measurements are used for decoding, rather than four-qubit joint measurements.
As we know, it does not allow that a secure quantum communication protocol has the information leakage problem. Unfortunately, we find that there is the information leakage problem in the two quantum dialogue (QD) protocols which are respectively based on entanglement swapping between two logical Bell states under the collective-dephasing noise and the collective-rotation noise. To mend this loophole, they are masterly improved. It is proven that the improved QD protocols are without information leakage problem. Incidentally, they have some other obvious advantages compared to the previous ones.
Three quantum dialogue protocols with identification are proposed under the condition of collection noise. They are used to resist collective-dephasing noise, collective-rotation noise and both collective noises respectively. The two communication parties encode their own secret information into the quantum states with the generalized unitary transformation. Each communication party can deduce the secret message of his counterpart according to his secret message and the two quantum states (one is quantum state before being encoded, and the other is quantum state after being encoded), to achieve a quantum dialogue. It is important that our protocols all should be able to resist various attacks, such as disturbance attack, Trojan horse attack, intercept-resend attack and entanglement measure attack. Moreover, the efficiency and the information leakage of the proposed protocol are analyzed in detail.
In this paper, two robust quantum dialogue (QD) protocols over collective-dephasing noise channel and collective- rotation noise channel are proposed, respectively, by using three-qubit entangled states as the initial quantum resource. Alice generates a series of three-qubit entangled states and divides them into a physical qubit sequence and a logical qubit sequence. Then, Alice sends the logical qubit sequence to Bob. Afterward, Alice and Bob measure the physical qubit sequence and the logical qubit sequence, respectively. According to his measurement result, Bob generates a new logical qubit sequence with no measurement performed. Then, Bob encodes his secret messages on the new logical qubit sequence by performing logical unitary operations on it. Afterward, Bob sends the encoded logical qubit sequence back to Alice. Finally, Alice encodes her secret messages on the encoded logical qubit sequence from Bob by performing logical unitary operations on it and publishes her measurement. As a result, Alice and Bob can decode out each other's secret messages. By virtue of the measurement correlation of three-qubit entangled states, two participants share the initial states of message logical qubits privately. In this way, the information leakage problem is overcome. The proposed protocols only need the single-photon measurements. Compared with previous QD protocols workable over collective noise channels, the proposed protocols have the highest information-theoretical efficiency.