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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Generation of Topologically Protected Hyper-entangled States

Nicola Bergamasco, John E. Sipe, Marco Liscidini

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study spontaneous parametric down conversion in a waveguide array supporting two strongly coupled topological guided modes. Quantum correlations in the generated hyper-entangled quantum state are robust due to topological protection.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.fth2j.4

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We investigate spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in a waveguide array supporting two strongly coupled topological guided modes. We show that it is possible to generate photon pairs that are hyper-entangled in energy and path. We study the state robustness against positional disorder of the waveguides, in terms of Schmidt number (SN), fidelity, and density matrix. We show that quantum correlations are in general robust due to the peculiar interplay between structure topology and second-order nonlinear interaction.
The efficient generation of non-classical light at the micro- and nanoscale is central to the development of quantum technologies. Integrated photonic structures offer new opportunities for increasing the generation efficiency and control of the quantum state of non-classical light. Recently, photonic structures based on topology conservation have been proposed as platforms to overcome issues associated with disorder and fabrication imperfections. For instance, it has been suggested that topological edge states can be exploited for the generation of photon pairs having robust spectral correlations [1]. More recently, the effect of topology on path correlations of photon pairs generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in waveguide arrays has also been investigated [2].
Recent works indicate that the propagation of quantum states can be protected by exploiting topology in silicon integrated waveguide arrays. More recently, it has been suggested that topologically protected guided modes may also play an important role in the generation of photon pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing SFWM, for path correlations of the generated photons in these systems seem to be robust with respect to fabrication imperfections. In this work we investigate the effects of disorder on SFWM efficiency and quantum correlations in topologically protected guided modes in waveguide arrays.
Harnessing topological effects offers a route to protect quantum states of light from imperfections, potentially enabling more robust platforms for quantum information processing. This capability is particularly relevant for active photonic circuits that generate quantum light directly on-chip. However, the impact of topology on the spectral properties of parametric processes, crucial for scalable quantum photonic circuits, remains largely unexplored. Here, we address this question by investigating photon-pair generation via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in nonlinear waveguide arrays, combining experiment and theory. A systematic comparison of uniform, trivial, and topological Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) arrays reveals that only the topological configuration preserves a stable SPDC resonance spectrum under coupling disorder, with fluctuations in the resonance wavelength reduced by more than an order of magnitude. An analytical model captures the origin of this robustness in the band-structure properties of the interacting modes. Numerical analysis further shows that each SSH array can operate as a robust photon-pair source, enabling stable interference between multiple such sources and the generation of high-dimensional entangled states with high fidelity. These results establish nonlinear waveguide arrays as a promising platform for harnessing the interplay of topology and nonlinearity in quantum photonic circuits.