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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Phase Retrieval of Vortices in Bose-Einstein Condensates

Ron Ziv, Yoav Sagi, Yonina C. Eldar, Mordechai Segev

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a measurement scheme enabling reconstruction of the amplitude and phase of wavefunctions in Bose-Einstein condensates from their momentum power-spectrum. Our method reduces ambiguities and allows the reconstruction of arrays of vortices.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.fw3p.4

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We propose and demonstrate numerically a measurement scheme for complete reconstruction of the 2D quantum wave function of a Bose-Einstein condensate, amplitude and phase, from a time-of-flight measurement. We identify a fundamental ambiguity present in the measurement of phase structures of high-symmetry excitations (e.g., vortices) and show how to overcome it by allowing for different expansion durations in different directions. We demonstrate this approach with the reconstruction of matter-wave vortices and arrays of vortices.
A new technique for the interferometric measurement of an atomic wavefunction is introduced theoretically, which is able to extract phase and amplitude information in a single measurement. I focus on the application of this technique to the single-particle wavefunction of a Bose condensed cloud of rubidium atoms. The technique differs from existing techniques mainly in its simplicity, as it requires only a single laser beam to be added to a typical Bose-Einstein condensation apparatus. A second novel aspect is the consideration of condensate collisions with an optical potential in the low-intensity limit where the potential barrier may be viewed as a phase mask. The technique is then demonstrated experimentally. A related effect, the transient enhancement of momentum during a collision, first predicted by JG Muga et al., has also been demonstrated. Finally, significant redesign and construction of an apparatus to produce condensates of 87Rb is documented. The main result of this work is the production of pure condensates of up to 150k atoms which can be repeated every 45s. A calibration technique is devised and demonstrated, whereby copies of the condensate are made, and the copies are used to reduce the centre-of-mass momentum uncertainty of the interacting cloud by a factor of five.
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The recent report on the realization of a Bose-Einstein condensate of G-wave molecule made up of bound pairs of Cesium bosons is a surprise. These molecules are created at the G-wave resonance at 19.87G, where the severe three-body loss usually associated with these resonance are found to be reduced significantly when the density of the gas is reduced in a quasi 2D setting. The G-wave molecules produced through this resonance have non-zero angular momentum projections, resulting in the first BEC with a macroscopic intrinsic angular momentum. Here, we show that this intrinsic angular momentum will lead to many new quantum effects. They include a splitting of collective modes in the absence of vortices, an orientation dependent energy shift due to the moment of inertia of the molecules, and a contribution to angular momentum in non-uniform magnetic fields different from that of the Berry phase current. The intrinsic angular momentum also provides a way to probe the half vortices, excitations that are unique to molecular condensates of bosons. The wavefunction giving rise to the intrinsic angular momentum can also be mapped out from the noise correlation.