Light fidelity (Li-Fi) is a technology that is used to design a wireless network for communication using light. Current technology based on wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) has some drawbacks that include speed and bandwidth limit, security issues, and attacks by malicious users, which yield Wi-Fi as less reliable compared to LiFi. The conventional key generation techniques are vulnerable to the current technological improvement in terms of computing power, so the solution is to introduce physics laws based on quantum technology and particle nature of light. Here the authors give a methodology to make the BB84 algorithm, a quantum cryptographic algorithm to generate the secret keys which will be shared by polarizing photons and more secure by eliminating one of its limitations that deals with dependency on the classical channel. The result obtained is sequence of 0 and 1, which is the secret key. The authors make use of the generated shared secret key to encrypt data using a one-time pad technique and transmit the encrypted data using LiFi and removing the disadvantage of the existing one-time pad technique.
Light fidelity (Li-Fi) is a technology that is used to design a wireless network for communication using light. Current technology based on wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) has some drawbacks that include speed and bandwidth limit, security issues, and attacks by malicious users, which yield Wi-Fi as less reliable compared to LiFi. The conventional key generation techniques are vulnerable to the current technological improvement in terms of computing power, so the solution is to introduce physics laws based on quantum technology and particle nature of light. Here the authors give a methodology to make the BB84 algorithm, a quantum cryptographic algorithm to generate the secret keys which will be shared by polarizing photons and more secure by eliminating one of its limitations that deals with dependency on the classical channel. The result obtained is sequence of 0 and 1, which is the secret key. The authors make use of the generated shared secret key to encrypt data using a one-time pad technique and transmit the encrypted data using LiFi and removing the disadvantage of the existing one-time pad technique.
Abstract — There are a large variety of kinds of mobile wireless networks, Wi-Fi, based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, is a wireless local area network, mainly used in offices and campus at universities or in meeting rooms. For such limited coverage area, IEEE 802.11 standard may be observed as building oriented environment, which potentially offers a chance to let quantum key distribution (QKD) play a role in the security of wireless communications. In fact, secured data transmission is one of the prime aspects of wireless networks as they are much more vulnerable to security attacks. We can explore the possibility of using Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for authentication and data encryption for IEEE 802.11 standard. Quantum key distribution is based on the laws of quantum physics which ensure that nobody can measure a state of an arbitrary polarized photon carrying information without introducing disturbances which will be detected by the legitimate user. In the new protocol (BB84) the existing 4-way handshake of IEEE 802.11 has been replaced with the QKD based 4-phase handshake. In the BB84 protocol each photons carry only one bits. So to improve the efficiency in Efficient High Capacity Quantum Cryptography based Key Distribution in WI-FI Network each photons carry two bits. The channels used in the QKD are quantum channel and classical channel. The polarized photons are transmitted through the quantum channel and the classical channel deals with recovering identical secrete keys at both ends. The classical channel comprises of four stages, namely Sifting, Error Estimation, Reconciliation and Privacy Amplification. The Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) is the measurement of the error probability in the key distributed via the quantum channel. This value allows the users to
Cryptography is being introduced to secure data. Through Classical Cryptographic technique, we can encrypt our data and secure secret key also. But classical cryptography is based on mathematical techniques where reversing one-way function is possible with sufficient computing power and time. So, Quantum Cryptography is introduced to overcome those drawbacks of traditional classical cryptography. It is based on the values of quantum mechanics and photon. Scientists and researchers have brought up a new key distribution protocol based on Quantum Cryptography is called Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Protocol. The first QKD protocol BB84 was introduced by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. After that several QKD protocols have been created. In this paper we have improved BB84 Protocol by removing the drawbacks of the existing algorithm towards Eavesdropping which may not be detected or disclosing large portion of secret key. Steps of the existing BB84 algorithm along with the modified one is described in detail with example and pseudo code. Limitations of BB84 and comparative study of both the existing and the improved one based on their security has been made and described in this current work.
The Wireless communication networks have been increasing their speed at a fast pace while the data sent over unsecured channels has become a major concern due to security issues. The advancement in cryptography techniques is based mainly on computational hardness, which will be endangered as quantum computing technology advances. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a way to share keys in a secure manner based on quantum mechanics principles, which do not allow any kind of unauthorized access. Here we present a wireless communication framework that is secure in nature and makes use of Quantum Key Distribution along with support from Grover’s quantum search algorithm. In particular, the overall system provides generation, distribution, and verification of keys among communicating partners through both quantum channel and classical communication channel security features. Using Grover’s algorithmize one can make key validation more efficient without much increasing computational need for compromising system performance. This will result in high performance systems. This thesis proposed model covers the basic aspects of the techniques, error correction and key sifters. All this together helps to determine a verifiable secret key implementation as a practicable instrument. The system’s performance is simulated in an assesment based evaluation for system security strength, rate of key generation and resistance to eavesdropping threats .This shows that the Security System provides protection against both Classical as well as Quantum Threats and also guarantees efficiency in their communication. The method proposed above is a scalable and future-ready security solutions for the next generation of wireless networks. It does so by contributing to the fortified communication systems in the quantum era and helping develop an enhanced quantum cryptographic system.
In the fast-paced world of digital communication, the need for secure and efficient data transmission is growing. For the growing need to integrate Quantum Key Distribution and Light Fidelity technologies to revolutionize information transfer, we propose an innovative framework that combines end-to-end quantum encryption with high-speed optical data transfer via Li-Fi, using polarized photons as bitwise data carriers. There are two components of the proposition, the hardware and the software. The hardware components facilitate the encoding, transmission, and reception of data. Software aspects involve using Arduino IDE for programming secure communication protocols, and encoding algorithms, and ensuring synchronization and the usage of Quantum Toolbox in Python for simulating the BB84 quantum algorithms and error rate analysis. Testing involves unit testing of individual components, integration testing of the complete system, and performance evaluation of Li-Fi communication speed and QKD security. The simulation converts each bit of data into a virtual photon, passing it through polarizers, and receiving it with potential bit alterations. Router R1 and Router R2 handle photon initialization, error checking, secure key establishment, and final message transmission and decryption. The integration of a Li-Fi prototype evaluates data transfer efficiency. Router R1 begins by encoding data into virtual photons and generating a secure encryption key. Router R2 receives these photons, decodes them, and verifies and decrypts the data using the secure key. The iterative process of sending, receiving, confirming, and error-checking between Router R1 and Router R2 is essential for preserving data integrity. Our results demonstrate the effective application of quantum encryption and optical data transmission, providing a scalable, secure, and efficient solution for contemporary digital communication networks.
There are a large variety of kinds of mobile wireless networks, Wi-Fi, based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, is a wireless local area network, mainly used in offices and campus at universities, meeting rooms, halls in hotels or in airports. For such limited coverage area, IEEE 802.11 standard may be observed as building-oriented environment, which potentially offers a chance to let quantum key distribution (QKD) play a role in the security of wireless communications. In fact, secured data transmission is one of the prime aspects of wireless networks as they are much more vulnerable to security attacks. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for authentication and data encryption for IEEE 802.11 standard. It will focus on some basic concept that how QKD merges the wireless communication, in particular the IEEE 802.11 standard. The software implementation of the first two phases of QKD, namely (a) raw key extraction and (b) error estimation, will be carefully investigated in this paper. A TCP/IP based Client-Server concept has been extended to the implement the communication between two users in C++ language in this paper.
There are many types of ‘Mobile Wireless Networks’ (MWN) are existing. These Networks are Wi-Fi Mobile Wireless Networks which are built on the IEEE 802.11 standard. These Networks are ‘Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) which are utilized in various public and private places. In this kind of restricted ‘Network Coverage Area’ (NCA), IEEE 802.11 standard provided as ‘Building Oriented Environment’ (BOE), provides a way to implement Quantum Cryptography based ‘Quantum Key Distribution’ (QKD) Protocol which provides a secured communication. Security attacks are possible for this kind of Public & Private places. QKD is based on the Quantum Physical Laws that assures that it is impossible to measure the state of the photon which is arbitrarily polarized which carries the information without having the disturbances that can be received by the authentic receiver. Now we can use a new protocol with the help of QKD based 4-phase handshake process. In the BB84 protocol each photons carry only one bits. So to improve the efficiency in Efficient High Capacity Quantum Cryptography based Key Distribution in WI-FI Network each photons carry two bits. The channels used in the QKD are quantum channel and classical channel. The polarized photons are transmitted through the quantum channel and the classical channel deals with recovering identical secrete keys at both ends. The classical channel comprises of four stages, namely Sifting, Error Estimation, Reconciliation and Privacy Amplification. The ‘Quantum Bit Error Rate’ (QBER) is the measurement of the error probability in the key distributed via the quantum channel. This value allows the users to estimate the maximum amount of information that an eavesdropper could have on the key.