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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Collision dynamics of laser-induced radiative association in an ensemble of very cold sodium atoms

H. R. Thorsheim, J. Weiner, Paul S. Julienne

Published Feb 1, 1987• 0 citations
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We demonstrate the feasibility of a laser induced complete population transfer to and from a continuum of states. We study the two-photon dissociation of v = 28; J = 1,...,10 sodium dimers. We demonstrate that using just a pair of "counter intuitively" ordered pulses we can dissociate 100% of the molecules in an ensemble. The scheme is shown to be stable with respect to the initial choice of rotational level and to fluctuations in the laser frequency and intensity. We also study the reverse phenomenon of complete population transfer from the continuum. We perform calculations on the radiative association of Na atoms to form the Na2 molecule in specific vib-rotational states. It is shown that two pulses of 20 nsec duration and as little as 6 MW/cm 2 peak power can photo-associate more than 98% of the atoms within a (pulse and velocity determined) relative effective distance, to yield Na2 molecules in the chosen v = 28; J = 10 vib-rotational state. This means that given a density of 10 16 atoms/cm 3 and a temperature of 7K, a 10Hz pulsed laser source of the above parameters can con- vert half of all the Na atoms in the ensemble to v = 28; J = 10 Na2 molecules within 15 seconds of operation.
We have observed optically induced Feshbach resonances in a cold ( <1 mK) sodium vapor. The optical coupling of the ground and excited-state potentials changes the scattering properties of an ultracold gas in much the same way as recently observed magnetically induced Feshbach resonances, but allows for some experimental conveniences associated with using lasers. The scattering properties can be varied by changing either the intensity or the detuning of a laser tuned near a photoassociation transition to a molecular state in the dimer. In principle this method allows the scattering length of any atomic species to be altered. A simple model is used to fit the dispersive resonance line shapes.