The European Physical Journal A

Collision induced transitions between Zeeman substates of laser excited sodium atoms in very high magnetic fields

J. C. Gay, Werner B. Schneider

Published Sep 1, 1976• 56 citations

DOI: 10.1007/bf01409170

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The European Physical Journal A

Collision induced transitions between Zeeman substates of laser excited sodium atoms in very high magnetic fields

J. C. Gay, Werner B. Schneider

Published Sep 1, 1976• 56 citations

Publisher

DOI: 10.1007/bf01409170

Related papers

Studies of Transitions Between Zeeman Sublevels of the Potassium 4p States Induced by Nonresonant Thermal Collisions at High Magnetic Fields.

R. Boggy

Jan 1, 19780 citations

Measurements of the Zeeman mixing cross section of (6)(2)P(1/2)Cs atoms, induced by collision with helium gases.

Ju Gao

Collisional transitions between Zeeman substates of Cs $\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2}$ atoms in collisions with He atoms have been investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Cs vapour contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure, was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the $\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2,-1/2}$ Zeeman substate in a magnetic field of strength ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He collisions. It was found that the enhancement in the cross section varied as B $\\sp2$ in the range 0 $$ 5 T. A theoretical calculation of the magnetic-field enhancement of the cross section was also carried out, using time-dependent perturbation theory. The results of the calculation are in very good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0 $<$ B $<$ 5 T, though not beyond 5 T where further theoretical work remains to be done.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1993 .G365. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-02, page: 0636. Adviser: L. Krause. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1993.Collisional transitions between Zeeman substates of Cs $\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2}$ atoms in collisions with He atoms have been investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Cs vapour contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure, was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the $\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2,-1/2}$ Zeeman substate in a magnetic field of strength ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He collisions. It was found that the enhancement in the cross section varied as B$\\sp2$ in the range 0 $$ 5 T. A theoretical calculation of the magnetic-field enhancement of the cross section was also carried out, using time-dependent perturbation theory. The results of the calculation are in very good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0 $<$ B $<$ 5 T, though not beyond 5 T where further theoretical work remains to be done.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1993 .G365. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-02, page: 0636. Adviser: L. Krause. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1993.

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Transitions between the Zeeman substates of Cs 6 $^{2}\mathrm{P}_{1/2}$ and Rb 5 $^{2}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ atoms, induced in collisions with He atoms, have been investigated experimentally by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. The collision process has also been studied theoretically with time-dependent perturbation theory. Cs or Rb vapor contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the $^{2}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{1/2,\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$ Zeeman substate in a magnetic field ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum, consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-P\'erot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He and Rb-He collisions. It was found that the Cs 6 $^{2}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ cross section varied approximately as ${\mathit{B}}^{2}$ in the range 0B0.76 T, showed a much weaker field dependence in the range from 0.76 T to 5 T, where it peaked, and declined slightly at B>5 T. The Rb 5 $^{2}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ cross section did not exhibit any variation with B. A theoretical calculation of the Cs cross section carried out using time-dependent perturbation theory explains the magnetic-field enhancement in terms of the minute magnetic-field-induced mixing of the ${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ and ${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$ states and the resulting breaking of time-reversal symmetry. The results of the calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0B5 T.Transitions between the Zeeman substates of Cs 6 $^{2}\mathrm{P}_{1/2}$ and Rb 5 $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ atoms, induced in collisions with He atoms, have been investigated experimentally by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. The collision process has also been studied theoretically with time-dependent perturbation theory. Cs or Rb vapor contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{1/2,\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$ Zeeman substate in a magnetic field ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum, consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-P\'erot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He and Rb-He collisions. It was found that the Cs 6 $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ cross section varied approximately as ${\mathit{B}}^{2}$ in the range 0B0.76 T, showed a much weaker field dependence in the range from 0.76 T to 5 T, where it peaked, and declined slightly at B>5 T. The Rb 5 $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ cross section did not exhibit any variation with B. A theoretical calculation of the Cs cross section carried out using time-dependent perturbation theory explains the magnetic-field enhancement in terms of the minute magnetic-field-induced mixing of the ${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ and ${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$ states and the resulting breaking of time-reversal symmetry. The results of the calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0B5 T.

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Laser-induced optical pumping measurements of cross sections for fine- and hyperfine-structure transitions in sodium induced by collisions with helium and argon atoms

Chris C. Dobson, Chi C. Sung

Optical pumping of the ground states of sodium can radically alter the shape of the laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectrum, complicating measurements of temperature, pressure, etc., which are based on these spectra. Modeling of the fluorescence using rate equations for the eight hyperfine states of the sodium D manifolds can be used to quantify the contribution to the ground state pumping of transitions among the hyperfine excited states induced by collisions with buffer gas atoms. This model is used here to determine, from the shape of experimental spectra, cross sections for $\ensuremath{\Delta}F$ transitions of the ${P}_{3/2}$ state induced by collisions with helium and argon atoms, for a range of values assumed for the ${P}_{1/2}, \ensuremath{\Delta}F$ cross sections. The hyperfine cross sections measured using this method, which to our knowledge is novel, are compared with cross sections for transitions involving polarized magnetic substates ${m}_{F}$ measured previously using polarization sensitive absorption. Also, fine-structure transition $(\ensuremath{\Delta}J)$ cross sections were measured in the pumped vapor, giving agreement with previous measurements made in the absence of pumping.Optical pumping of the ground states of sodium can radically alter the shape of the laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectrum, complicating measurements of temperature, pressure, etc., which are based on these spectra. Modeling of the fluorescence using rate equations for the eight hyperfine states of the sodium D manifolds can be used to quantify the contribution to the ground state pumping of transitions among the hyperfine excited states induced by collisions with buffer gas atoms. This model is used here to determine, from the shape of experimental spectra, cross sections for $\ensuremath{\Delta}F$ transitions of the ${P}_{3/2}$ state induced by collisions with helium and argon atoms, for a range of values assumed for the ${P}_{1/2}, \ensuremath{\Delta}F$ cross sections. The hyperfine cross sections measured using this method, which to our knowledge is novel, are compared with cross sections for transitions involving polarized magnetic substates ${m}_{F}$ measured previously using polarization sensitive absorption. Also, fine-structure transition $(\ensuremath{\Delta}J)$ cross sections were measured in the pumped vapor, giving agreement with previous measurements made in the absence of pumping.

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Marko Gacesa, Philippe Pellegrini, Robin C ot 'e

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Collisional transitions between Zeeman substates of Cs

\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2}

atoms in collisions with He atoms have been investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Cs vapour contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure, was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the

\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2,-1/2}

Zeeman substate in a magnetic field of strength ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He collisions. It was found that the enhancement in the cross section varied as B

\\sp2

in the range 0 $$ 5 T. A theoretical calculation of the magnetic-field enhancement of the cross section was also carried out, using time-dependent perturbation theory. The results of the calculation are in very good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0

<

<

5 T, though not beyond 5 T where further theoretical work remains to be done.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1993 .G365. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-02, page: 0636. Adviser: L. Krause. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1993.

Transitions between the Zeeman substates of Cs 6

^{2}\mathrm{P}_{1/2}

and Rb 5

^{2}

{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}

atoms, induced in collisions with He atoms, have been investigated experimentally by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. The collision process has also been studied theoretically with time-dependent perturbation theory. Cs or Rb vapor contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the

^{2}

${\mathit{P}}_{1/2,\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$ Zeeman substate in a magnetic field ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum, consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-P\'erot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He and Rb-He collisions. It was found that the Cs 6

^{2}

{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}

cross section varied approximately as

{\mathit{B}}^{2}

in the range 0B0.76 T, showed a much weaker field dependence in the range from 0.76 T to 5 T, where it peaked, and declined slightly at B>5 T. The Rb 5

^{2}

{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}

cross section did not exhibit any variation with B. A theoretical calculation of the Cs cross section carried out using time-dependent perturbation theory explains the magnetic-field enhancement in terms of the minute magnetic-field-induced mixing of the

{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}

and

{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}

states and the resulting breaking of time-reversal symmetry. The results of the calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0B5 T.

{P}_{3/2}

state induced by collisions with helium and argon atoms, for a range of values assumed for the ${P}_{1/2}, \ensuremath{\Delta}F$ cross sections. The hyperfine cross sections measured using this method, which to our knowledge is novel, are compared with cross sections for transitions involving polarized magnetic substates

{m}_{F}

measured previously using polarization sensitive absorption. Also, fine-structure transition $(\ensuremath{\Delta}J)$ cross sections were measured in the pumped vapor, giving agreement with previous measurements made in the absence of pumping.