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Optics Letters

Ferris wheel patterning of Rydberg atoms using electromagnetically induced transparency with optical vortex fields

Hamid Reza Hamedi, Viačeslav Kudriašov, Ning Jia, Jing Qian, Gediminas Juzeliūnas

Published Jul 21, 2021• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the formation of spatially dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) patterns from pairs of Laguerre-Gauss (LG) modes in an ensemble of cold interacting Rydberg atoms. The EIT patterns can be generated when two-photon detuning does not compensate for the Rydberg level energy shift induced by van der Waals interaction. Depending on the topological numbers of each LG mode, we can pattern dark and bright Ferris-wheel-like structures in the absorption profile with tunable barriers between sites, providing confinement of Rydberg atoms in transverse direction while rendering them transparent to light at specific angular positions. We also show how the atomic density may affect the azimuthal modulation of the absorption profile.

DOI
10.1364/ol.427000

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We study the formation of spatially dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) patterns from pairs of Laguerre-Gauss (LG) modes in an ensemble of cold interacting Rydberg atoms. The EIT patterns can be generated when two-photon detuning does not compensate for the Rydberg level energy shift induced by van der Waals interaction. Depending on the topological numbers of each LG mode, we can pattern dark and bright Ferris-wheel-like structures in the absorption profile with tunable barriers between sites, providing confinement of Rydberg atoms in transverse direction while rendering them transparent to light at specific angular positions. We also show how the atomic density may affect the azimuthal modulation of the absorption profile.
We propose a scheme for the creation of stable optical Ferris wheel (OFW) solitons in a nonlocal Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium. Depending on a careful optimization of both the atomic density and the one-photon detuning, we obtain an appropriate nonlocal potential provided by the strong interatomic interaction in Rydberg states that can perfectly compensate for the diffraction of the probe OFW field. Numerical results show that the fidelity remains larger than 0.96, while the propagation distance has exceeded 160 diffraction lengths. Higher-order OFW solitons with arbitrary winding numbers are also discussed. Our study provides a straightforward route to generate spatial optical solitons in the nonlocal response region of cold Rydberg gases.
We develop an efficient Monte Carlo approach to describe the optical response of cold three-level atoms in the presence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and strong atomic interactions. In particular, we consider a Rydberg-EIT medium where one involved level is subject to large shifts due to strong van der Waals interactions with surrounding Rydberg atoms. Agreement with much more involved quantum calculations is excellent, demonstrating its applicability over a wide range of densities and interaction strengths. The calculations show that nonlinear absorption due to Rydberg-Rydberg atom interactions exhibits universal behavior.
We study the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect with two individually addressed four-level Rydberg atoms subjected to the interatomic van der Waals interaction. We derive an effectively atomic Raman transition model where two ladders of the usual Rydberg EIT setting terminating at the same upper Rydberg level of long radiative lifetime are turned into a Rydberg EIT $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ setup via two-photon transitions, leaving the middle levels of each ladder largely detuned from the coupling and probe laser beams. It can hence overcome the limits of applications for EIT with atoms of the ladder-type level configuration involving a strongly decaying intermediate state by inducing coherence between two ground states. By probing one of the atoms, we observe four doublets of absorption induced by the Autler-Townes splitting and the van der Waals interaction. In particular, we find that the location of the EIT center remains unchanged compared to the interatomic-interaction-free case, which demonstrates that the interference among the multiple transition channels is basically destructive. The EIT with controlled Rydberg-Rydberg interaction among a few atoms provides a versatile tool for engineering the propagation dynamics of light.
In the regime of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, we study the correlated behaviors between the transmission spectra of a pair of probe fields passing through respective parallel one-dimensional cold Rydberg ensembles. Due to the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between Rydberg atoms, each ensemble exhibits a local optical nonlinearity, where the output EIT spectra are sensitive to both the input probe intensity and the photonic statistics. More interestingly, a nonlocal optical nonlinearity emerges between two spatially separated ensembles, as the probe transmissivity and probe correlation at the exit of one Rydberg ensemble can be manipulated by the probe field at the input of the other Rydberg ensemble. Realizing correlated Rydberg EITs holds great potential for applications in quantum control, quantum network, quantum walk and so on.
We discuss electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold ensemble of atoms optically excited to the Rydberg states. Strong dipole-dipole or van der Waals interactions between the atomic Rydberg states translate into large nonlocal nonlinearities for a propagating probe field. In the case of weak quantum fields, this can be used to attain a conditional phase shift of π between pairs of single photons realizing a deterministic photonic phase gate. For stronger fields, long-range interactions between the atoms constrain the medium to behave as a collection of superatoms, each comprising a blockade volume that can accommodate at most one Rydberg excitation. The propagation of a probe field is affected by its two-photon correlations within the blockade distance, which are strongly damped due to low saturation threshold of the superatoms. Our calculations reproduce and interpret the results of recent experiments.
Abstract In the regime of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, we study the correlated behaviors between the transmission spectra of a pair of probe fields passing through respective parallel one-dimensional cold Rydberg ensembles. Due to the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between Rydberg atoms, each ensemble exhibits a local optical nonlinearity, where the output EIT spectra are sensitive to both the input probe intensity and the photonic statistics. More interestingly, a nonlocal optical nonlinearity emerges between two spatially separated ensembles, as the probe transmissivity and probe correlation at the exit of one Rydberg ensemble can be manipulated by the probe field at the input of the other Rydberg ensemble. Realizing correlated Rydberg EITs holds great potential for applications in quantum control, quantum network, quantum walk and so on.