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Physical Review Letters

Suppression of Parasitic Nonlinear Processes in Spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing with Linearly Uncoupled Resonators

Federico Andrea Sabattoli, Houssein El Dirani, Laurène Youssef, Francesco Garrisi, Davide Grassani, Luca Zatti, Camille Petit-Étienne, E. Pargon, John E. Sipe, Marco Liscidini, Corrado Sciancalepore, Daniele Bajoni, Mattéo Galli

Published Jul 13, 2021• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on a signal-to-noise ratio characterizing the generation of identical photon pairs of more than 4 orders of magnitude in a ring resonator system. Parasitic noise, associated with single-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing, is essentially eliminated by employing a novel system design involving two resonators that are linearly uncoupled but nonlinearly coupled. This opens the way to a new class of integrated devices exploiting the unique properties of identical photon pairs in the same optical mode.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.127.033901

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We report on a signal-to-noise ratio characterizing the generation of identical photon pairs of more than 4 orders of magnitude in a ring resonator system. Parasitic noise, associated with single-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing, is essentially eliminated by employing a novel system design involving two resonators that are linearly uncoupled but nonlinearly coupled. This opens the way to a new class of integrated devices exploiting the unique properties of identical photon pairs in the same optical mode.
We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of the use of integrated linearly uncoupled resonators, which are coupled solely through the nonlinear interaction, to selectively enhance or suppress nonlinear processes. This is exploited to selectively enhance dual-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing while suppressing the parasitic noise associated with single pump spontaneous four-wave mixing processes. A signal-to-noise ratio characterizing the generation of identical photon pairs of more than four orders of magnitude is reported, opening the way to a new class of integrated devices exploiting the unique properties of identical photon pairs in the same optical mode.
We present a detailed study of the generation of photon pairs by spontaneous four-wave mixing in a structure composed of two linearly uncoupled resonators, where energy can be transferred from one resonator to another only through a nonlinear interaction. Specifically, we consider the case of two racetrack-shaped resonators connected by a coupler designed to guarantee that the resonance comb of each resonator can be tuned independently and to allow the nonlinear interaction between modes that belong to different combs. We show that such a coupler can be realized in at least two ways: A directional coupler or a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. For these two scenarios, we derive analytic expressions for the pair-generation rate via single-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing and compare these results with that achievable in a single-ring resonator.
We propose an integrated device, the resonant interferometric coupler, enabling selective control over the coupling condition of a microring resonator. This can be used to tune the resonance linewidths independently, allowing for the targeted engineering of nonlinear optical interactions. We show how this can be applied to spontaneous four-wave mixing for various purposes. In the low-gain regime, we demonstrate the generation of spectrally uncorrelated photon pairs by broadening the pump resonance relative to the signal and idler. In the high-gain regime, we show how parasitic nonlinear processes can be suppressed by inhibiting undesired resonances, leading to a more efficient generation of squeezed light.
We investigate the use of integrated structures for the efficient generation of squeezed light via dual-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing. We consider the case of ring resonators, in which resonant field enhancement is typically used to increase the efficiency of nonlinear interactions. We show that in these structures the presence of a comb of equally spaced resonances can also lead to the enhancement of parasitic processes that can degrade the quality of the generated light, thus limiting the achievable squeezing. Here, we discuss possible solutions to this issue and introduce a device consisting of a ring resonator and a resonant interferometric coupler able to control the field enhancement selectively. We show that through this structure one can strongly limit the effect of parasitic processes and overcome the intrinsic limitations of a single-ring resonator. Finally, we model the effect of nonlinear parasitic processes and provide an analytic expression of the achievable squeezing.