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Frontiers in Optics

Dual Pump Photon Pair Generation with Suppression of Parasitic Processes in Linearly Uncoupled Silicon Resonators

Federico Andrea Sabattoli, Houssein El Dirani, Laurène Youssef, Francesco Garrisi, Davide Grassani, Luca Zatti, Camille Petit-Étienne, E. Pargon, Marco Liscidini, Corrado Sciancalepore, Daniele Bajoni, Mattéo Galli

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the generation of photon pairs through dual-pump four-wave-mixing in a system composed of two resonators coupled solely through a third-order nonlinear interaction, which allows for the suppression of parasitic nonlinear phenomena.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2020.fm4a.2

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•Jan 1, 2019•0 citations
We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of the use of integrated linearly uncoupled resonators, which are coupled solely through the nonlinear interaction, to selectively enhance or suppress nonlinear processes. This is exploited to selectively enhance dual-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing while suppressing the parasitic noise associated with single pump spontaneous four-wave mixing processes. A signal-to-noise ratio characterizing the generation of identical photon pairs of more than four orders of magnitude is reported, opening the way to a new class of integrated devices exploiting the unique properties of identical photon pairs in the same optical mode.
We report on a signal-to-noise ratio characterizing the generation of identical photon pairs of more than 4 orders of magnitude in a ring resonator system. Parasitic noise, associated with single-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing, is essentially eliminated by employing a novel system design involving two resonators that are linearly uncoupled but nonlinearly coupled. This opens the way to a new class of integrated devices exploiting the unique properties of identical photon pairs in the same optical mode.
Suppression of noise photons from unwanted nonlinear processes is a major hurdle in generating frequency-degenerate correlated photon pairs for quantum information, e.g. continuous-variable quantum computing [1]. On-chip, telecom-pumped and frequency-degenerate photon pairs have been produced either using second harmonic generation (SHG) followed by spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) waveguides [2], or by dual-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing (DP-SFWM) in microresonators [3], [4]. However, the former needs careful filtering of the SHG pump, while the latter suffers from single-pump (SP-) SFWM contributions, which decrease the purity of the generated quantum states. SP-SFWM can be suppressed by linearly coupling resonators at the expense of reduced bandwidth [3] or efficiency [4].
One of the key building blocks of quantum photonic systems is a source of indistinguishable photons. Silicon ring resonators can be used as photon pair sources by taking advantage of silicon's large third order nonlinearity with a process known as spontaneous four wave mixing. These sources are capable of producing pairs of indistinguishable photons but typically suffer from an effective 50% loss. By slightly decoupling the input waveguide from the ring, the desired photons generated in the ring can be directed to the drop port. Thus, the ratio between the coincidences from the drop port and the total number of coincidences from all ports (coincidence efficiency) can be significantly increased, with the trade-off being that the pump is less efficiently coupled into the ring. This asymmetric coupling scheme was used to demonstrate a dual-bus microring source with a coincidence efficiency of ~96%. Unfortunately, the penalty to pump power was quite large, with a required ~10x increase in the pump power to maintain the same pair generation rate.\nTo further improve upon this result, a microring source was designed with multipoint evanescent couplers to induce a strong spectral dependence in the coupling coefficients. This coupler design can be used on both sides of the ring resonator so that resonances supported by one of the couplers are suppressed by the other. This is the ideal configuration for a ring-based photon-pair source as it can only support the pump photons at the input side while only allowing the generated photons to leave through the output side. Asymmetric coupling was also used in this configuration but in a different way than in the previous source. In this case, the input side of the ring was configured to be critically coupled for maximal resonance enhancement while the output side was configured to be over coupled to minimize photon-pair loss within the ring. This device design was used to demonstrate a photon-pair source with coincidence efficiencies of 0.9981+-6.425x10^-4 and 0.9979+-1.665x10^-3 for degenerate and non-degenerate pump configuration respectively.\nIn addition to the source development, work was done to move some of the pump rejection filtering onto the photonic chip. While the fabricated device only exhibited an extinction of 50 dB, the root cause of the limited extinction was explored and a new filter design was proposed to overcome these limitations. With the combination of the microring source with its greatly improved efficiency and the movement toward reducing the required off-chip filtering, this work represents a significant advancement in the scalability of integrated quantum photonic systems which can enable high performance quantum computing and communication systems.