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Journal of Applied Physics

The optical response of a complex nanodimer composed of a metal nanoparticle and a quantum dot: The effect of nanoparticle geometry

Neda Biranvand, Ali Bahari

Published Jul 12, 2021• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The optical response of a hybrid structure consisting of a metal nanoparticle in the vicinity of a quantum dot under an external field is studied. The effect of the nanoparticle shape as it evolves from a sphere to a rod is investigated for various structural parameters. Significant changes are observed in the phase diagram of the optical response at the borders between Fano, exciton-induced transparency, suppression, and bistable regions. In the appropriate limits, the configuration exhibits a response where notable variations are particularly observed in suppression and bistable regions. In the presence of the nanorod, the suppression region is found as the beginning of bistability. Our calculations show that the nanorod can generate significant nonlinearities at the site of quantum dot in the bistable region, making the hybrid structure suitable for devices involving optical switching or information transfer. By considering the effect of other structural parameters, for example the configuration state, background dielectric constant, and interparticle distance, one can obtain additional control of the optical response of the system, engineering it to achieve particular objectives.

DOI
10.1063/5.0050967

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The optical response of a hybrid structure consisting of a metal nanoparticle in the vicinity of a quantum dot under an external field is studied. The effect of the nanoparticle shape as it evolves from a sphere to a rod is investigated for various structural parameters. Significant changes are observed in the phase diagram of the optical response at the borders between Fano, exciton-induced transparency, suppression, and bistable regions. In the appropriate limits, the configuration exhibits a response where notable variations are particularly observed in suppression and bistable regions. In the presence of the nanorod, the suppression region is found as the beginning of bistability. Our calculations show that the nanorod can generate significant nonlinearities at the site of quantum dot in the bistable region, making the hybrid structure suitable for devices involving optical switching or information transfer. By considering the effect of other structural parameters, for example the configuration state, background dielectric constant, and interparticle distance, one can obtain additional control of the optical response of the system, engineering it to achieve particular objectives.
We study the response of a semiconductor quantum dot-metal nanoparticle system to an external field E0 cos (ωt). The borders between Fano, double peaks, weak transition, strong transition, and bistability regions of the phase diagram move considerably as one regards the multipole effects. The exciton-induced transparency is an artifact of the dipole approximation. The absorption of the nanoparticle, the population inversion of the quantum dot, the upper and lower limits of intensity where bistability occurs, the characteristic time to reach the steady state, and other features of the hybrid system change due to the multipole effects. The phase diagrams corresponding to the fields parallel and perpendicular to the axis of system are quite distinguishable. Thus, both the intensity and the polarization of the incident field can be used to control the system. In particular, the incident polarization can be used to switch on and switch off the bistable behavior. For applications such as miniaturized bistable devices and nanosensors sensitive to variations of the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium, multipole effects must be considered.
Optical response of a complex nanodimer comprising a semiconductor quantum dot via Coulomb interaction to a metal nanorod is analyzed theoretically. Optical bistability (OB) behavior of a coherently coupled exciton-plasmon (plexcitonic) hybrid system under a laser field is investigated. The bistable exciton population in a hybrid metal–semiconductor nanodimer response is shown, and it could be pointed out that OB behavior is strongly influenced by various parameters such as size of metal nanoparticle, interparticle distance as well as intensity of probe laser field. We show that OB can be observed for a plexcitonic system and depends strongly on the type of the metals which are good candidates for plasmonic applications. The numerical calculations show the gold nanorod exhibits significant optical bistability. The result promises various applications in the field of all-optical information processing at the nanoscale, the most basic of them being the optical switching, optical memory, optical transistor and optical logic.
We conduct a theoretical study of the bistable optical response of a nanoparticle heterodimer comprised of a closely spaced semiconductor quantum dot and a metal nanoparticle. The bistable nature of the response results from the interplay between the quantum dot's optical nonlinearity and its self-action (feedback) originating from the presence of the metal nanoparticle. The feedback is governed by a complex valued coupling parameter G = G(R) + iG(I). We calculate the bistability phase diagram within the system's parameter space: spanned by G(R), G(I), and Δ, the latter being the detuning between the driving frequency and the transition frequency of the quantum dot. Additionally, switching times from the lower stable branch to the upper one (and vice versa) are calculated as a function of the intensity of the driving field. The conditions for bistability to occur can be realized, for example, for a heterodimer comprised of a closely spaced CdSe (or CdSe/ZnSe) quantum dot and a gold nanosphere.
We study a hybrid system composed of a quantum dot and a core–shell nanoparticle, subject to an external field E0 cos(ωt). We consider the self-interaction of the quantum dot due to the presence of the nanoparticle. We find that the thickness and chemical composition of both core and shell layers influence the borders between Fano, double peaks, weak transition, strong transition, and bistability regions of the phase diagram. Even weak and strong transition regions may almost disappear. The population inversion, the upper and lower limits of intensity where bistability occurs, the absorption, and other features of the system depend on the nanoparticle characteristics. This facilitates the use of the hybrid system as a miniaturized bistable device or a sensor.
To increase the optical nonlinearity effects in hybrid structures comprising a quantum dot and a nanoparticle, a quantum dot is taken as a three-level system. Under the dipole–dipole interactions between the quantum dot and the nanoparticle, the density matrix elements are derived within the rotating approximation. Under the quasi-static approximation by taking the nanoparticle polarization as a function of its geometry, the induced fields around the quantum dot in the presence of one/two nanoparticle(s) are obtained and the increasing factors of the local fields are calculated. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of quantum dot is achieved by using the perturbation expansion theory of density matrix for different geometries of the nanoparticle, and the effects of the structural parameters are investigated to optimize the nonlinear optical response of the system. It can be seen that the presence of two nanorods results in great optical nonlinearities in the hybrid structure, being suitable for on/off switches, quantum communication, and quantum computing applications.
We study optical effects in a hybrid system composed of a semiconductor quantum dot and a spherical metal nanoparticle that interacts with a weak probe electromagnetic field. We use modified nonlinear density matrix equations for the description of the optical properties of the system and obtain a closed-form expression for the linear susceptibilities of the quantum dot, the metal nanoparticle, and the total system. We then investigate the dependence of the susceptibility on the interparticle distance as well as on the material parameters of the hybrid system. We find that the susceptibility of the quantum dot exhibits optical transparency for specific frequencies. In addition, we show that there is a range of frequencies of the applied field for which the susceptibility of the semiconductor quantum dot leads to gain. This suggests that in such a hybrid system quantum coherence can reverse the course of energy transfer, allowing flow of energy from the metallic nanoparticle to the quantum dot. We also explore the susceptibility of the metal nanoparticle and show that it is strongly influenced by the presence of the quantum dot.