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Journal of Applied Physics

Optical response of hybrid semiconductor quantum dot-metal nanoparticle system: Beyond the dipole approximation

Atefeh Mohammadzadeh, MirFaez Miri

Published Jan 28, 2018• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the response of a semiconductor quantum dot-metal nanoparticle system to an external field E0 cos (ωt). The borders between Fano, double peaks, weak transition, strong transition, and bistability regions of the phase diagram move considerably as one regards the multipole effects. The exciton-induced transparency is an artifact of the dipole approximation. The absorption of the nanoparticle, the population inversion of the quantum dot, the upper and lower limits of intensity where bistability occurs, the characteristic time to reach the steady state, and other features of the hybrid system change due to the multipole effects. The phase diagrams corresponding to the fields parallel and perpendicular to the axis of system are quite distinguishable. Thus, both the intensity and the polarization of the incident field can be used to control the system. In particular, the incident polarization can be used to switch on and switch off the bistable behavior. For applications such as miniaturized bistable devices and nanosensors sensitive to variations of the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium, multipole effects must be considered.

DOI
10.1063/1.5004741

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We study the response of a semiconductor quantum dot-metal nanoparticle system to an external field E0 cos (ωt). The borders between Fano, double peaks, weak transition, strong transition, and bistability regions of the phase diagram move considerably as one regards the multipole effects. The exciton-induced transparency is an artifact of the dipole approximation. The absorption of the nanoparticle, the population inversion of the quantum dot, the upper and lower limits of intensity where bistability occurs, the characteristic time to reach the steady state, and other features of the hybrid system change due to the multipole effects. The phase diagrams corresponding to the fields parallel and perpendicular to the axis of system are quite distinguishable. Thus, both the intensity and the polarization of the incident field can be used to control the system. In particular, the incident polarization can be used to switch on and switch off the bistable behavior. For applications such as miniaturized bistable devices and nanosensors sensitive to variations of the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium, multipole effects must be considered.
We study a hybrid system composed of a quantum dot and a core–shell nanoparticle, subject to an external field E0 cos(ωt). We consider the self-interaction of the quantum dot due to the presence of the nanoparticle. We find that the thickness and chemical composition of both core and shell layers influence the borders between Fano, double peaks, weak transition, strong transition, and bistability regions of the phase diagram. Even weak and strong transition regions may almost disappear. The population inversion, the upper and lower limits of intensity where bistability occurs, the absorption, and other features of the system depend on the nanoparticle characteristics. This facilitates the use of the hybrid system as a miniaturized bistable device or a sensor.
The optical response of a hybrid structure consisting of a metal nanoparticle in the vicinity of a quantum dot under an external field is studied. The effect of the nanoparticle shape as it evolves from a sphere to a rod is investigated for various structural parameters. Significant changes are observed in the phase diagram of the optical response at the borders between Fano, exciton-induced transparency, suppression, and bistable regions. In the appropriate limits, the configuration exhibits a response where notable variations are particularly observed in suppression and bistable regions. In the presence of the nanorod, the suppression region is found as the beginning of bistability. Our calculations show that the nanorod can generate significant nonlinearities at the site of quantum dot in the bistable region, making the hybrid structure suitable for devices involving optical switching or information transfer. By considering the effect of other structural parameters, for example the configuration state, background dielectric constant, and interparticle distance, one can obtain additional control of the optical response of the system, engineering it to achieve particular objectives.
We theoretically study the optical bistability assisted by multipole polarizations in a semiconductor quantum dot (SQD)/metal nanoparticle (MNP) hybrid molecule. We map out bistability phase diagrams within the parameter subspace spanned by (the pumping intensity Ipu, interparticle distance, d) under dipole and multipole approximations. It is shown that the Ipu-correlated bistable region will be broadened greatly in the strong exciton–plasmon coupling regime, and the corresponding lower (upper) bistable threshold is enlarged significantly due to multipole polarization (N = 10) in comparison to that in the dipole approximation (N = 1). However, under the same conditions, the d-correlated bistable region is shrunk at high pump intensities. Our contribution not only offers a better understanding of exciton–plasmon coupling systems but also expands the application of SQD/MNP hybrid molecules in the field of optical bistable nanodevices.
We conduct a theoretical study of the bistable optical response of a nanoparticle heterodimer comprised of a closely spaced semiconductor quantum dot and a metal nanoparticle. The bistable nature of the response results from the interplay between the quantum dot's optical nonlinearity and its self-action (feedback) originating from the presence of the metal nanoparticle. The feedback is governed by a complex valued coupling parameter G = G(R) + iG(I). We calculate the bistability phase diagram within the system's parameter space: spanned by G(R), G(I), and Δ, the latter being the detuning between the driving frequency and the transition frequency of the quantum dot. Additionally, switching times from the lower stable branch to the upper one (and vice versa) are calculated as a function of the intensity of the driving field. The conditions for bistability to occur can be realized, for example, for a heterodimer comprised of a closely spaced CdSe (or CdSe/ZnSe) quantum dot and a gold nanosphere.
Optical response of an artificial composite nanodimer comprising a semiconductor quantum dot and a metal nanosphere is analyzed theoretically. We show that internal degrees of freedom of the system can manifest bistability and optical hysteresis as functions of the incident field intensity. We argue that these effects can be observed for real-world systems, such as a CdSe quantum dot and an Au nanoparticle hybrid. These properties can be revealed by measuring the optical hysteresis of Rayleigh scattering. We also show that the total dipole moment of the system can be switched abruptly between its two stable states by small changes in the excitation intensity. The latter promises various applications in the field of all-optical processing at the nanoscale, the most basic of them being the volatile optical memory.
We theoretically investigated optical third-order nonlinearity of a coherently coupled exciton-plasmon hybrid system under a strong control field with a weak probe field. The analytic formulas of exciton population and effective third-order optical susceptibility of the hybrid of a metal nanoparticle (MNP) and a semiconductor quantum dot (SQD) were deduced. The bistable exciton population and the induced bistable nonlinear absorption and refraction response were revealed. The bistability region can be tuned by adjusting the size of metal nanoparticle, interparticle distance and intensity of control field. Our results have perspective applications in optical information processing based on resonant coupling of exciton-plasmon.