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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Quadrupole-quadrupole interactions between three Rydberg atoms

Jianing Han

Published Jun 2, 2021• 0 citations
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Van der Waals interactions are interactions between dipoles. Similarly, quadrupole-quadrupole interactions are interactions between quadrupoles. In this article, we focus on the interactions between two dipoles or two quadrupoles. Classically, we treat one Rydberg atom as a dipole; an outer excited electron and an ion core are the two poles of a dipole. Quantum mechanically, we consider Rydberg transition dipoles. Therefore, dipole-dipole interactions are the interactions between two Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms have quadrupole components; consequently, the interactions between two Rydberg atoms have quadrupole-quadrupole interaction components. In this article, we examine the dipole-dipole and quadrupole-quadrupole contribution to the interactions between ultracold Rydberg atoms. It is shown that the evidence of quadrupole-blockade has been observed, which is essential for fabricating more compact quantum computers, quantum electronics, as well as quantum sensing.

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Abstract The interactions between dipoles are called dipole–dipole interactions. One type of dipole–dipole interaction is van der Waals interaction. Similar to van der Waals interactions, the interactions between quadrupoles are called quadrupole–quadrupole interactions. Atoms can be treated not only as dipoles but also as quadrupoles. In this article, we study the quadrupole interactions between highly excited atoms or Rydberg atoms. In addition, unlike many other calculations, in which the primary focus was on the one-dimensional two-body quadrupole–quadrupole interactions, the primary aim of this article is to study the two-dimensional few-body quadrupole–quadrupole interactions. Specifically, the two-dimensional three-body interactions are investigated. This research has many applications, such as quadrupole-blockade for quantum computing, creating molecules based on quadrupole interactions, or quadrupole–quadrupole molecules.

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Rydberg Atoms and Their Interactions

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Van der Waals interactions are interactions between dipoles. Similarly, quadrupole-quadrupole interactions are interactions between quadrupoles. In this article, we focus on the interactions between two dipoles or two quadrupoles. Classically, we treat one Rydberg atom as a dipole; an outer excited electron and an ion core are the two poles of a dipole. Quantum mechanically, we consider Rydberg transition dipoles. Therefore, dipole-dipole interactions are the interactions between two Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms have quadrupole components; consequently, the interactions between two Rydberg atoms have quadrupole-quadrupole interaction components. In this article, we examine the dipole-dipole and quadrupole-quadrupole contribution to the interactions between ultracold Rydberg atoms. It is shown that the evidence of quadrupole-blockade has been observed, which is essential for fabricating more compact quantum computers, quantum electronics, as well as quantum sensing.
Abstract The interactions between dipoles are called dipole–dipole interactions. One type of dipole–dipole interaction is van der Waals interaction. Similar to van der Waals interactions, the interactions between quadrupoles are called quadrupole–quadrupole interactions. Atoms can be treated not only as dipoles but also as quadrupoles. In this article, we study the quadrupole interactions between highly excited atoms or Rydberg atoms. In addition, unlike many other calculations, in which the primary focus was on the one-dimensional two-body quadrupole–quadrupole interactions, the primary aim of this article is to study the two-dimensional few-body quadrupole–quadrupole interactions. Specifically, the two-dimensional three-body interactions are investigated. This research has many applications, such as quadrupole-blockade for quantum computing, creating molecules based on quadrupole interactions, or quadrupole–quadrupole molecules.