In this paper, a Fourier expression of the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) of a dihedral corner reflector is proposed, which avoids the problems caused by atomic sampling on the target-object surface and is a powerful tool for analyzing the scattering characteristics of the reflector. We compare the result of the proposed expression with that of numerical calculations, and have preliminarily verified its correctness. On this basis, we discuss the influence of the wavelength of single photon pulses and the panel size of a dihedral corner reflector on QRCS in detail. Simulation results demonstrate that from a single factor of wavelength, a quantum radar using a small-wavelength quantum signal has better visibility to the reflector, and the quantum scattering intensity is proportional to the panel size. Compared with classical radar, quantum radar has an enhanced detection performance that is more stable within a wide angle range, which is insensitive to the wavelength of the quantum signal and panel size of the reflector and is helpful for the detection of stealth targets.
In this paper, a Fourier expression of the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) of a dihedral corner reflector is proposed, which avoids the problems caused by atomic sampling on the target-object surface and is a powerful tool for analyzing the scattering characteristics of the reflector. We compare the result of the proposed expression with that of numerical calculations, and have preliminarily verified its correctness. On this basis, we discuss the influence of the wavelength of single photon pulses and the panel size of a dihedral corner reflector on QRCS in detail. Simulation results demonstrate that from a single factor of wavelength, a quantum radar using a small-wavelength quantum signal has better visibility to the reflector, and the quantum scattering intensity is proportional to the panel size. Compared with classical radar, quantum radar has an enhanced detection performance that is more stable within a wide angle range, which is insensitive to the wavelength of the quantum signal and panel size of the reflector and is helpful for the detection of stealth targets.
In this study, we develop the calculation models for single and double scattering of dihedral corner reflectors and obtained the QRCS expression for dihedral corner reflectors of any structure. The simulation results demonstrate that the center of QRCS mainly exhibits double scattering characteristics, while the edge exhibits single scattering characteristics. Dihedral corner reflector with acute dihedral angle has stronger scattering intensity in the edge. However, the QRCS of the obtuse dihedral corner reflectors show an obvious single scattering peak, which approaches to the bisector as the dihedral angle increases. When detecting dihedral corner reflectors with different size ratios, the side with a larger facet has a higher detection probability. The characteristics of dihedral corner reflectors in experiments provide specific guidance for quantum radar to detect targets with dihedral.
Quantum radar is a new detection technology based on the mechanism of quantum physics and is promising for enhancing radar target detection capability. In this letter, the quantum radar equation is established based on the traditional radar equation; meanwhile, how the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) influences target detection performance and how QRCSs for some typical targets distribute are investigated via simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio increases with the QRCS, the peak values of side-lobes of the QRCS for the cylinder surface fluctuate little, and the QRCS for corner reflectors almost exhibits no variations in a wide range of incident angles. The results listed above can benefit the signal design and performance evaluation of quantum radar as well as the design of quantum stealthy targets.
With the development of quantum radar technology, the study of quantum radar scattering characteristic has gradually become a new academic and engineering hotspot. Quantum radar cross section (QRCS) is an important parameter of quantum radar scattering characteristic which describes the visibility of the target illuminated by a handful of photons. However, the current study is still limited to 2D objects. We first developed a new calculation method that can solve the simulation of quantum radar scattering for 3D circular cone targets. Then, the method has been verified the for a typical 2D circular plate. Finally, we presented the QRCS results of a 3D circular cone and compared them with the classical radar cross section.
The quantum radar cross sections (QRCS) for the targets are the critical basis for the optimization designs of stealth structures and quantum detection strategy. According to the three-dimensional structure of the conical surface, the one-dimensional Fourier expression of conical multiphoton QRCS in a gradually illuminated area is established using the two-dimensional Fourier expression of QRCS. The advantages of the derived expression in computational complexity are analyzed and verified by simulations. The influence of radius, height, and incident photon numbers on the QRCS for a cone is analyzed. The results show that there are scattering peaks in the center and the direction orthogonal to the side. The scattering peak in the center is proportional to the bottom radius and inversely proportional to the height. In addition, the height mainly affects the side scattering peak, and with the increase in height, the side scattering peak becomes sharp. With the radius increase, the scattering peaks at the center and both sides become sharp. With the increase of incident photon number, the width of scattering main lobe will be narrowed, and the peak difference between main lobe and side lobe will be increased, which indicates that fewer photons are beneficial to the detection of sidelobe, and more photons are beneficial to the detection of the main lobe. This work will help optimize the quantum detection strategy and stealth structure design of the missile and aircraft head, which will provide prior information for research in many fields, such as photonic technology, radar technology, and precision metrology.
In radar, the amount of returns that an object sends back to the receiver after
being struck by an electromagnetic wave is characterized by what is known as the
radar cross section, denoted by � typically. There are many mechanisms that affect
how much radiation is reflected back in the receiver direction, such as reflectivity,
physical contours and dimensions, attenuation properties of the materials, projected
cross sectional area and so on. All of these characteristics are lumped together in a
single value of �, which has units of m2. Stealth aircrafts for example are designed
to minimize its radar cross section and return the smallest amount of radiation
possible in the receiver direction.
A new concept has been introduced called quantum radar, that uses correlated
quantum states of photons as well as the unique properties of quantum mechanics
to ascertain information on a target at a distance. At the time of writing this
dissertation, quantum radar is very much in its infancy. There still exist fundamental
questions about the feasibility of its implementation, especially in the microwave
spectrum. However, what has been theoretically determined, is that quantum radar
has a fundamental advantage over classical radar in terms of resolution and returns
in certain regimes.
Analogous to the classical radar cross section (CRCS), the concept of the
quantum radar cross section (QRCS) has been introduced. This quantity measures
how “large” an object looks to a quantum radar be describing how a single photon, or
small cluster of photons scatter off of a macroscopic target. Preliminary simulations
of the basic quantum radar cross section equation have yielded promising results
showing an advantage in sidelobe response in comparison to the classical RCS. This
document expands upon this idea by providing insight as to where this advantage expanding upon the theory.
The expanded theory presented in this document includes re-deriving the QRCS
formula to be a general bistatic formula, as the current equation is only valid for
monostatic radar geometries. This re-derivation process also leads to the addition of
terms that capture the effect of photon polarization, something that is not properly
taken into account in the current literature. Most importantly, a new formulation
of the QRCS formula will be derived that includes writing the equation in terms
of Fourier transforms. This has a profound impact on the analysis of the theory
of the QRCS as it allows for the derivation of closed form solutions of certain
geometries, something that has never been possible due to the form of the current
QRCS equation. All together, this document will provide a complete and general
theory of the QRCS.
After deriving the necessary equations, there will be extensive work in the
utilization of these equations in deriving geometry dependent responses and comparing
the closed form solutions to the classical solutions as well as comparing the
solutions to the numerical simulations.
The current literature relies exclusively on numerical simulations…
With the development of quantum radar technology, the interaction of photons and targets has gradually become a new hotspot. Quantum radar cross section (QRCS) is an important parameter fon describing the visibility of the target illuminated by light quantum. #br#According to the conservation of energy and the finite element method, the expression of QRCS derived by Marco Lanzagorta is extended, which can be applied to QRCS calculations of non-planar convex targets. As the surface elements of the target have different incident and scattering angles, the integral equation can give a higher calculation accuracy and is suitable for bistatic or multistatic situations. #br#The distribution pattern of the target’s atoms is varied. Using the interatomic distance as the only parameter to describe the atomic distribution is inaccurate. In this paper the metal atomic lattice is considered. Simulation of the QRCS that is composed of three kinds of metal atomic lattices (face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed lattices) with different atomic distributions has been made. The hexagonal close-packed lattice with asymmetrical distribution for different azimuth angles is discussed. Simulation result shows that with different arrangement of atoms, the main lobe of the target QRCS is basically unchanged, while the quantum side-lobes of the target with sparsely arranged atoms are much more significant. This reveals a different characteristic of QRCS, and provides theoretic basis for quantum radar and stealth technique researches.