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Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and magnetoelastic characteristics of a quantum spin chain system

Andrei A. Zvyagin

Published Jun 3, 2021• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electric, piezoelectric, and elastic characteristics of the quantum spin-1/2 chain system are calculated. Using the exact analytical solution we show that electric permittivity, piezoelectric and elastic modules, and magnetic characteristics can manifest strong dependencies on the values of the external magnetic, electric field, external strain, and temperature.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.103.214410

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Electric, piezoelectric, and elastic characteristics of the quantum spin-1/2 chain system are calculated. Using the exact analytical solution we show that electric permittivity, piezoelectric and elastic modules, and magnetic characteristics can manifest strong dependencies on the values of the external magnetic, electric field, external strain, and temperature.
Quantum spin-1/2 system, in which spin, electric, and elastic subsystems are coupled, is studied analytically. We have shown that the external magnetic and electric field and strain, which reduce the symmetry, can affect many observable characteristics of the system. The analysis reveals how quantum critical values of the governing parameters can manifest themselves in the temperature behavior of those observables. Predicted effects can be useful for application in many fields of microelectronics.
We consider the spin-1/2 chain material. It was predicted earlier that the intersite spin nematic order can be realized due to the spin-elastic coupling in such a system. Here we show that intersite spin nematic ordered states can be studied using magnetoelastic and magnetoelectric experiments. Intersite spin nematic phases and phase transitions in spin chain materials can be observed in relative changes of the velocity of sound (related to the changes of the elastic modulus of the crystal), the magnetostriction, and, for noncenter-symmetric systems, the electric permittivity as functions of the temperature and the external magnetic field, since those relative changes are proportional to the spin quadrupole (spin nematic) susceptibility of the system.
The effect of the external electric field and/or the external strain on the low-temperature behavior of the quantum spin chain model is studied. The external electric field or the strain can cause the quantum magnetic structural phase transition between two magnetically ordered phases with different order parameters. Such a quantum critical point can be observed in the special behavior of the low-temperature specific heat: At the critical value the low-temperature specific heat manifests linear in temperature behavior instead of the exponentially small one for other values of the field. The magnetic susceptibility also manifests the special behavior, in which quantum phase transitions are revealed.
Spin-1 chain material is considered. Recently, it was predicted that the spin nematic ordered phase can be realized due to the spin-elastic coupling. In this study we show that the appearance of the spin nematic ordering and phase transitions to such ordered states can be studied using magneto-acoustic experiments. One can observe such phases and phase transitions considering relative changes of the velocity of sound (related to the changes of the elastic modulus of the crystal) as a function of temperature and the external magnetic field. It is shown that those relative changes are proportional to the spin quadrupole susceptibility of the system. The results are obtained using the exact Bethe ansatz solution and Quantum Monte Carlo simulations for several typical values of the biquadratic spin-spin exchange interaction and for various values of the spin-elastic coupling and elastic modules.
We investigate elastic deformations of spin S=1∕2S=1∕2S=1∕2 antiferromagnetic ${J}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{2}$ Heisenberg chains, at M=1∕3M=1∕3M=1∕3 magnetization, coupled to phonons in the adiabatic approximation. Using a bosonization approach we predict the existence of nonhomogeneous trimerized magnetoelastic phases. A rich ground state phase diagram is found, including classical and quantum plateau states for the magnetic sector as well as inequivalent lattice deformations within each magnetic phase. The analytical results are supported by exact diagonalization of small clusters.
A magnetoelectric effect according to Katsura-Nagaosa-Balatsky mechanism in spin-1/2 XY chain in transverse magnetic field is considered. A spatial orientation of the electric field is chosen to provide an exact solution of the model in terms of free spinless fermions. The simplest model of quantum spin chain demonstrating a magnetoelectric effect, a zero temperature case of the spin-1/2 XX chain in a transverse magnetic field with Katsura-Nagaosa-Balatsky mechanism, is considered. The model has the simplest possible form of the magnetization, polarization and susceptibility functions, depending on electric and magnetic fields in a most simple form. For the case of arbitrary XY anisotropy, a non-monotonous dependence of magnetization on the XY anisotropy parameter is figured out. This non-uniform behaviour is governed by the critical point which is connected with the possibility to drive the system gapless or gapped by the electric field. Singularities of the magnetoelectric susceptibility at the critical value of system parameters are shown.